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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @author Martin Diehl, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
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!> @author Denny Tjahjanto, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @author Franz Roters, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @author Philip Eisenlohr, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @brief Relaxed grain cluster (RGC) homogenization scheme
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!> N_constituents is defined as p x q x r (cluster)
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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submodule ( homogenization : mechanical ) RGC
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use rotations
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use lattice
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type :: tParameters
integer , dimension ( : ) , allocatable :: &
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N_constituents
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real ( pReal ) :: &
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xi_alpha , &
c_Alpha
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : ) , allocatable :: &
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D_alpha , &
a_g
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character ( len = pStringLen ) , allocatable , dimension ( : ) :: &
output
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end type tParameters
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type :: tRGCstate
real ( pReal ) , pointer , dimension ( : , : ) :: &
relaxationVector
end type tRGCstate
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type :: tRGCdependentState
real ( pReal ) , allocatable , dimension ( : ) :: &
volumeDiscrepancy , &
relaxationRate_avg , &
relaxationRate_max
real ( pReal ) , allocatable , dimension ( : , : ) :: &
mismatch
real ( pReal ) , allocatable , dimension ( : , : , : ) :: &
orientation
end type tRGCdependentState
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type :: tNumerics_RGC
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real ( pReal ) :: &
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atol , & !< absolute tolerance of RGC residuum
rtol , & !< relative tolerance of RGC residuum
absMax , & !< absolute maximum of RGC residuum
relMax , & !< relative maximum of RGC residuum
pPert , & !< perturbation for computing RGC penalty tangent
xSmoo , & !< RGC penalty smoothing parameter (hyperbolic tangent)
viscPower , & !< power (sensitivity rate) of numerical viscosity in RGC scheme, Default 1.0e0: Newton viscosity (linear model)
viscModus , & !< stress modulus of RGC numerical viscosity, Default 0.0e0: No viscosity is applied
refRelaxRate , & !< reference relaxation rate in RGC viscosity
maxdRelax , & !< threshold of maximum relaxation vector increment (if exceed this then cutback)
maxVolDiscr , & !< threshold of maximum volume discrepancy allowed
volDiscrMod , & !< stiffness of RGC volume discrepancy (zero = without volume discrepancy constraint)
volDiscrPow !< powerlaw penalty for volume discrepancy
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end type tNumerics_RGC
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type ( tparameters ) , dimension ( : ) , allocatable :: &
param
type ( tRGCstate ) , dimension ( : ) , allocatable :: &
state , &
state0
type ( tRGCdependentState ) , dimension ( : ) , allocatable :: &
dependentState
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type ( tNumerics_RGC ) :: &
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num ! numerics parameters. Better name?
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contains
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief allocates all necessary fields, reads information from material configuration file
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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module subroutine RGC_init ( num_homogMech )
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class ( tNode ) , pointer , intent ( in ) :: &
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num_homogMech !< pointer to mechanical homogenization numerics data
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integer :: &
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ho , &
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Nmembers , &
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sizeState , nIntFaceTot
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class ( tNode ) , pointer :: &
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num_RGC , & ! pointer to RGC numerics data
material_homogenization , &
homog , &
homogMech
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print '(/,1x,a)' , '<<<+- homogenization:mechanical:RGC init -+>>>'
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print '(/,a,i0)' , ' # homogenizations: ' , count ( homogenization_type == HOMOGENIZATION_RGC_ID )
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flush ( IO_STDOUT )
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print '(/,1x,a)' , 'D.D. Tjahjanto et al., International Journal of Material Forming 2(1):939– 942, 2009'
print '( 1x,a)' , 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0619-1' / / IO_EOL
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print '(/,1x,a)' , 'D.D. Tjahjanto et al., Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 18:015006, 2010'
print '( 1x,a)' , 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015006' / / IO_EOL
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material_homogenization = > config_material % get ( 'homogenization' )
allocate ( param ( material_homogenization % length ) )
allocate ( state ( material_homogenization % length ) )
allocate ( state0 ( material_homogenization % length ) )
allocate ( dependentState ( material_homogenization % length ) )
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num_RGC = > num_homogMech % get ( 'RGC' , defaultVal = emptyDict )
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num % atol = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'atol' , defaultVal = 1.0e+4_pReal )
num % rtol = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'rtol' , defaultVal = 1.0e-3_pReal )
num % absMax = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'amax' , defaultVal = 1.0e+10_pReal )
num % relMax = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'rmax' , defaultVal = 1.0e+2_pReal )
num % pPert = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'perturbpenalty' , defaultVal = 1.0e-7_pReal )
num % xSmoo = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'relvantmismatch' , defaultVal = 1.0e-5_pReal )
num % viscPower = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'viscositypower' , defaultVal = 1.0e+0_pReal )
num % viscModus = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'viscositymodulus' , defaultVal = 0.0e+0_pReal )
num % refRelaxRate = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'refrelaxationrate' , defaultVal = 1.0e-3_pReal )
num % maxdRelax = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'maxrelaxationrate' , defaultVal = 1.0e+0_pReal )
num % maxVolDiscr = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'maxvoldiscrepancy' , defaultVal = 1.0e-5_pReal )
num % volDiscrMod = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'voldiscrepancymod' , defaultVal = 1.0e+12_pReal )
num % volDiscrPow = num_RGC % get_asFloat ( 'dicrepancypower' , defaultVal = 5.0_pReal )
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if ( num % atol < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'absTol_RGC' )
if ( num % rtol < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'relTol_RGC' )
if ( num % absMax < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'absMax_RGC' )
if ( num % relMax < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'relMax_RGC' )
if ( num % pPert < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'pPert_RGC' )
if ( num % xSmoo < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'xSmoo_RGC' )
if ( num % viscPower < 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'viscPower_RGC' )
if ( num % viscModus < 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'viscModus_RGC' )
if ( num % refRelaxRate < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'refRelaxRate_RGC' )
if ( num % maxdRelax < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'maxdRelax_RGC' )
if ( num % maxVolDiscr < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'maxVolDiscr_RGC' )
if ( num % volDiscrMod < 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'volDiscrMod_RGC' )
if ( num % volDiscrPow < = 0.0_pReal ) call IO_error ( 301 , ext_msg = 'volDiscrPw_RGC' )
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do ho = 1 , size ( homogenization_type )
if ( homogenization_type ( ho ) / = HOMOGENIZATION_RGC_ID ) cycle
homog = > material_homogenization % get ( ho )
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homogMech = > homog % get ( 'mechanical' )
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associate ( prm = > param ( ho ) , &
stt = > state ( ho ) , &
st0 = > state0 ( ho ) , &
dst = > dependentState ( ho ) )
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#if defined (__GFORTRAN__)
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prm % output = output_as1dString ( homogMech )
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#else
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prm % output = homogMech % get_as1dString ( 'output' , defaultVal = emptyStringArray )
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#endif
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prm % N_constituents = homogMech % get_as1dInt ( 'cluster_size' , requiredSize = 3 )
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if ( homogenization_Nconstituents ( ho ) / = product ( prm % N_constituents ) ) &
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call IO_error ( 211 , ext_msg = 'N_constituents (RGC)' )
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prm % xi_alpha = homogMech % get_asFloat ( 'xi_alpha' )
prm % c_alpha = homogMech % get_asFloat ( 'c_alpha' )
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prm % D_alpha = homogMech % get_as1dFloat ( 'D_alpha' , requiredSize = 3 )
prm % a_g = homogMech % get_as1dFloat ( 'a_g' , requiredSize = 3 )
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Nmembers = count ( material_homogenizationID == ho )
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nIntFaceTot = 3 * ( ( prm % N_constituents ( 1 ) - 1 ) * prm % N_constituents ( 2 ) * prm % N_constituents ( 3 ) &
+ prm % N_constituents ( 1 ) * ( prm % N_constituents ( 2 ) - 1 ) * prm % N_constituents ( 3 ) &
+ prm % N_constituents ( 1 ) * prm % N_constituents ( 2 ) * ( prm % N_constituents ( 3 ) - 1 ) )
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sizeState = nIntFaceTot
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homogState ( ho ) % sizeState = sizeState
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allocate ( homogState ( ho ) % state0 ( sizeState , Nmembers ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( homogState ( ho ) % state ( sizeState , Nmembers ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
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stt % relaxationVector = > homogState ( ho ) % state ( 1 : nIntFaceTot , : )
st0 % relaxationVector = > homogState ( ho ) % state0 ( 1 : nIntFaceTot , : )
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allocate ( dst % volumeDiscrepancy ( Nmembers ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( dst % relaxationRate_avg ( Nmembers ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( dst % relaxationRate_max ( Nmembers ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( dst % mismatch ( 3 , Nmembers ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! assigning cluster orientations
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dependentState ( ho ) % orientation = spread ( eu2om ( prm % a_g * inRad ) , 3 , Nmembers )
!dst%orientation = spread(eu2om(prm%a_g*inRad),3,Nmembers) ifort version 18.0.1 crashes (for whatever reason)
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end associate
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end do
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end subroutine RGC_init
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief partitions the deformation gradient onto the constituents
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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module subroutine RGC_partitionDeformation ( F , avgF , ce )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( out ) :: F !< partitioned F per grain
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: avgF !< averaged F
integer , intent ( in ) :: &
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ce
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: aVect , nVect
integer , dimension ( 4 ) :: intFace
integer , dimension ( 3 ) :: iGrain3
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integer :: iGrain , iFace , i , j , ho , en
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associate ( prm = > param ( material_homogenizationID ( ce ) ) )
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ho = material_homogenizationID ( ce )
en = material_homogenizationEntry ( ce )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the deformation gradient of individual grains due to relaxations
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F = 0.0_pReal
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do iGrain = 1 , product ( prm % N_constituents )
iGrain3 = grain1to3 ( iGrain , prm % N_constituents )
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do iFace = 1 , 6
intFace = getInterface ( iFace , iGrain3 ) ! identifying 6 interfaces of each grain
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aVect = relaxationVector ( intFace , ho , en ) ! get the relaxation vectors for each interface from global relaxation vector array
nVect = interfaceNormal ( intFace , ho , en )
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forall ( i = 1 : 3 , j = 1 : 3 ) &
F ( i , j , iGrain ) = F ( i , j , iGrain ) + aVect ( i ) * nVect ( j ) ! calculating deformation relaxations due to interface relaxation
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end do
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F ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , iGrain ) = F ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , iGrain ) + avgF ! resulting relaxed deformation gradient
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end do
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end associate
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end subroutine RGC_partitionDeformation
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief update the internal state of the homogenization scheme and tell whether "done" and
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! "happy" with result
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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module function RGC_updateState ( P , F , avgF , dt , dPdF , ce ) result ( doneAndHappy )
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logical , dimension ( 2 ) :: doneAndHappy
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( in ) :: &
P , & !< partitioned stresses
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F !< partitioned deformation gradients
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : , : , : ) , intent ( in ) :: dPdF !< partitioned stiffnesses
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: avgF !< average F
real ( pReal ) , intent ( in ) :: dt !< time increment
integer , intent ( in ) :: &
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ce !< cell
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) :: intFaceN , intFaceP , faceID
integer , dimension ( 3 ) :: nGDim , iGr3N , iGr3P
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integer :: ho , iNum , i , j , nIntFaceTot , iGrN , iGrP , iMun , iFace , k , l , ipert , nGrain , en
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 , size ( P , 3 ) ) :: R , pF , pR , D , pD
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , size ( P , 3 ) ) :: NN , devNull
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: normP , normN , mornP , mornN
real ( pReal ) :: residMax , stresMax
logical :: error
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : ) , allocatable :: tract , jmatrix , jnverse , smatrix , pmatrix , rmatrix
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : ) , allocatable :: resid , relax , p_relax , p_resid , drelax
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zeroTimeStep : if ( dEq0 ( dt ) ) then
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doneAndHappy = . true . ! pretend everything is fine and return
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return
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end if zeroTimeStep
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ho = material_homogenizationID ( ce )
en = material_homogenizationEntry ( ce )
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associate ( stt = > state ( ho ) , st0 = > state0 ( ho ) , dst = > dependentState ( ho ) , prm = > param ( ho ) )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the dimension of the cluster (grains and interfaces)
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nGDim = prm % N_constituents
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nGrain = product ( nGDim )
nIntFaceTot = ( nGDim ( 1 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) &
+ nGDim ( 1 ) * ( nGDim ( 2 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) &
+ nGDim ( 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * ( nGDim ( 3 ) - 1 )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! allocate the size of the global relaxation arrays/jacobian matrices depending on the size of the cluster
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allocate ( resid ( 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( tract ( nIntFaceTot , 3 ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
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relax = stt % relaxationVector ( : , en )
drelax = stt % relaxationVector ( : , en ) - st0 % relaxationVector ( : , en )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing interface mismatch and stress penalty tensor for all interfaces of all grains
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call stressPenalty ( R , NN , avgF , F , ho , en )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! calculating volume discrepancy and stress penalty related to overall volume discrepancy
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call volumePenalty ( D , dst % volumeDiscrepancy ( en ) , avgF , F , nGrain )
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!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! computing the residual stress from the balance of traction at all (interior) interfaces
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do iNum = 1 , nIntFaceTot
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faceID = interface1to4 ( iNum , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! identifying the interface ID in local coordinate system (4-dimensional index)
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the left/bottom/back grain (-|N)
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iGr3N = faceID ( 2 : 4 ) ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
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iGrN = grain3to1 ( iGr3N , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
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intFaceN = getInterface ( 2 * faceID ( 1 ) , iGr3N )
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normN = interfaceNormal ( intFaceN , ho , en )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the right/up/front grain (+|P)
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iGr3P = iGr3N
iGr3P ( faceID ( 1 ) ) = iGr3N ( faceID ( 1 ) ) + 1 ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
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iGrP = grain3to1 ( iGr3P , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
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intFaceP = getInterface ( 2 * faceID ( 1 ) - 1 , iGr3P )
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normP = interfaceNormal ( intFaceP , ho , en )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the residual of traction at the interface (in local system, 4-dimensional index)
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do i = 1 , 3
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tract ( iNum , i ) = sign ( num % viscModus * ( abs ( drelax ( i + 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) ) ) / ( num % refRelaxRate * dt ) ) ** num % viscPower , &
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drelax ( i + 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) ) ) ! contribution from the relaxation viscosity
do j = 1 , 3
tract ( iNum , i ) = tract ( iNum , i ) + ( P ( i , j , iGrP ) + R ( i , j , iGrP ) + D ( i , j , iGrP ) ) * normP ( j ) & ! contribution from material stress P, mismatch penalty R, and volume penalty D projected into the interface
+ ( P ( i , j , iGrN ) + R ( i , j , iGrN ) + D ( i , j , iGrN ) ) * normN ( j )
resid ( i + 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) ) = tract ( iNum , i ) ! translate the local residual into global 1-dimensional residual array
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end do
end do
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end do
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! convergence check for stress residual
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stresMax = maxval ( abs ( P ) ) ! get the maximum of first Piola-Kirchhoff (material) stress
residMax = maxval ( abs ( tract ) ) ! get the maximum of the residual
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doneAndHappy = . false .
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! If convergence reached => done and happy
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if ( residMax < num % rtol * stresMax . or . residMax < num % atol ) then
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doneAndHappy = . true .
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dst % mismatch ( 1 : 3 , en ) = sum ( NN , 2 ) / real ( nGrain , pReal )
dst % relaxationRate_avg ( en ) = sum ( abs ( drelax ) ) / dt / real ( 3 * nIntFaceTot , pReal )
dst % relaxationRate_max ( en ) = maxval ( abs ( drelax ) ) / dt
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return
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! if residual blows-up => done but unhappy
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elseif ( residMax > num % relMax * stresMax . or . residMax > num % absMax ) then ! try to restart when residual blows up exceeding maximum bound
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doneAndHappy = [ . true . , . false . ] ! with direct cut-back
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return
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end if
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!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! construct the global Jacobian matrix for updating the global relaxation vector array when
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! convergence is not yet reached ...
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! ... of the constitutive stress tangent, assembled from dPdF or material constitutive model "smatrix"
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allocate ( smatrix ( 3 * nIntFaceTot , 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
do iNum = 1 , nIntFaceTot
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faceID = interface1to4 ( iNum , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! assembling of local dPdF into global Jacobian matrix
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the left/bottom/back grain (-|N)
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iGr3N = faceID ( 2 : 4 ) ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate sytem
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iGrN = grain3to1 ( iGr3N , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate into global grain ID
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intFaceN = getInterface ( 2 * faceID ( 1 ) , iGr3N ) ! identifying the connecting interface in local coordinate system
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normN = interfaceNormal ( intFaceN , ho , en )
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do iFace = 1 , 6
intFaceN = getInterface ( iFace , iGr3N ) ! identifying all interfaces that influence relaxation of the above interface
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mornN = interfaceNormal ( intFaceN , ho , en )
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iMun = interface4to1 ( intFaceN , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate the interfaces ID into local 4-dimensional index
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if ( iMun > 0 ) then ! get the corresponding tangent
do i = 1 , 3 ; do j = 1 , 3 ; do k = 1 , 3 ; do l = 1 , 3
smatrix ( 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) + i , 3 * ( iMun - 1 ) + j ) = smatrix ( 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) + i , 3 * ( iMun - 1 ) + j ) &
+ dPdF ( i , k , j , l , iGrN ) * normN ( k ) * mornN ( l )
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end do ; enddo ; enddo ; enddo
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! projecting the material tangent dPdF into the interface
! to obtain the Jacobian matrix contribution of dPdF
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end if
end do
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the right/up/front grain (+|P)
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iGr3P = iGr3N
iGr3P ( faceID ( 1 ) ) = iGr3N ( faceID ( 1 ) ) + 1 ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate sytem
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iGrP = grain3to1 ( iGr3P , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate into global grain ID
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intFaceP = getInterface ( 2 * faceID ( 1 ) - 1 , iGr3P ) ! identifying the connecting interface in local coordinate system
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normP = interfaceNormal ( intFaceP , ho , en )
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do iFace = 1 , 6
intFaceP = getInterface ( iFace , iGr3P ) ! identifying all interfaces that influence relaxation of the above interface
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mornP = interfaceNormal ( intFaceP , ho , en )
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iMun = interface4to1 ( intFaceP , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate the interfaces ID into local 4-dimensional index
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if ( iMun > 0 ) then ! get the corresponding tangent
do i = 1 , 3 ; do j = 1 , 3 ; do k = 1 , 3 ; do l = 1 , 3
smatrix ( 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) + i , 3 * ( iMun - 1 ) + j ) = smatrix ( 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) + i , 3 * ( iMun - 1 ) + j ) &
+ dPdF ( i , k , j , l , iGrP ) * normP ( k ) * mornP ( l )
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end do ; enddo ; enddo ; enddo
end if
end do
end do
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! ... of the stress penalty tangent (mismatch penalty and volume penalty, computed using numerical
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! perturbation method) "pmatrix"
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allocate ( pmatrix ( 3 * nIntFaceTot , 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( p_relax ( 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
allocate ( p_resid ( 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
do ipert = 1 , 3 * nIntFaceTot
p_relax = relax
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p_relax ( ipert ) = relax ( ipert ) + num % pPert ! perturb the relaxation vector
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stt % relaxationVector ( : , en ) = p_relax
call grainDeformation ( pF , avgF , ho , en ) ! rain deformation from perturbed state
call stressPenalty ( pR , DevNull , avgF , pF , ho , en ) ! stress penalty due to interface mismatch from perturbed state
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call volumePenalty ( pD , devNull ( 1 , 1 ) , avgF , pF , nGrain ) ! stress penalty due to volume discrepancy from perturbed state
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing the global stress residual array from the perturbed state
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p_resid = 0.0_pReal
do iNum = 1 , nIntFaceTot
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faceID = interface1to4 ( iNum , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! identifying the interface ID in local coordinate system (4-dimensional index)
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the left/bottom/back grain (-|N)
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iGr3N = faceID ( 2 : 4 ) ! identify the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
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iGrN = grain3to1 ( iGr3N , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
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intFaceN = getInterface ( 2 * faceID ( 1 ) , iGr3N ) ! identify the interface ID of the grain
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normN = interfaceNormal ( intFaceN , ho , en )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the right/up/front grain (+|P)
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iGr3P = iGr3N
iGr3P ( faceID ( 1 ) ) = iGr3N ( faceID ( 1 ) ) + 1 ! identify the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
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iGrP = grain3to1 ( iGr3P , param ( ho ) % N_constituents ) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
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intFaceP = getInterface ( 2 * faceID ( 1 ) - 1 , iGr3P ) ! identify the interface ID of the grain
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normP = interfaceNormal ( intFaceP , ho , en )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! compute the residual stress (contribution of mismatch and volume penalties) from perturbed state
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! at all interfaces
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do i = 1 , 3 ; do j = 1 , 3
p_resid ( i + 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) ) = p_resid ( i + 3 * ( iNum - 1 ) ) + ( pR ( i , j , iGrP ) - R ( i , j , iGrP ) ) * normP ( j ) &
+ ( pR ( i , j , iGrN ) - R ( i , j , iGrN ) ) * normN ( j ) &
+ ( pD ( i , j , iGrP ) - D ( i , j , iGrP ) ) * normP ( j ) &
+ ( pD ( i , j , iGrN ) - D ( i , j , iGrN ) ) * normN ( j )
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end do ; end do
end do
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pmatrix ( : , ipert ) = p_resid / num % pPert
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end do
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! ... of the numerical viscosity traction "rmatrix"
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allocate ( rmatrix ( 3 * nIntFaceTot , 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
do i = 1 , 3 * nIntFaceTot
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rmatrix ( i , i ) = num % viscModus * num % viscPower / ( num % refRelaxRate * dt ) * & ! tangent due to numerical viscosity traction appears
( abs ( drelax ( i ) ) / ( num % refRelaxRate * dt ) ) ** ( num % viscPower - 1.0_pReal ) ! only in the main diagonal term
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end do
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! The overall Jacobian matrix summarizing contributions of smatrix, pmatrix, rmatrix
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allocate ( jmatrix ( 3 * nIntFaceTot , 3 * nIntFaceTot ) ) ; jmatrix = smatrix + pmatrix + rmatrix
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! computing the update of the state variable (relaxation vectors) using the Jacobian matrix
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allocate ( jnverse ( 3 * nIntFaceTot , 3 * nIntFaceTot ) , source = 0.0_pReal )
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call math_invert ( jnverse , error , jmatrix )
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! calculate the state update (global relaxation vectors) for the next Newton-Raphson iteration
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drelax = 0.0_pReal
do i = 1 , 3 * nIntFaceTot ; do j = 1 , 3 * nIntFaceTot
drelax ( i ) = drelax ( i ) - jnverse ( i , j ) * resid ( j ) ! Calculate the correction for the state variable
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end do ; end do
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stt % relaxationVector ( : , en ) = relax + drelax ! Updateing the state variable for the next iteration
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if ( any ( abs ( drelax ) > num % maxdRelax ) ) then ! Forcing cutback when the incremental change of relaxation vector becomes too large
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doneAndHappy = [ . true . , . false . ]
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!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
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print '(a,i3,a,i3,a)' , ' RGC_updateState: enforces cutback'
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print '(a,e15.8)' , ' due to large relaxation change = ' , maxval ( abs ( drelax ) )
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flush ( IO_STDOUT )
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!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
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end if
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end associate
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contains
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief calculate stress-like penalty due to deformation mismatch
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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subroutine stressPenalty ( rPen , nMis , avgF , fDef , ho , en )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( out ) :: rPen !< stress-like penalty
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : ) , intent ( out ) :: nMis !< total amount of mismatch
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( in ) :: fDef !< deformation gradients
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: avgF !< initial effective stretch tensor
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integer , intent ( in ) :: ho , en
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) :: intFace
integer , dimension ( 3 ) :: iGrain3 , iGNghb3 , nGDim
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) :: gDef , nDef
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: nVect , surfCorr
integer :: iGrain , iGNghb , iFace , i , j , k , l
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real ( pReal ) :: muGrain , muGNghb , nDefNorm
real ( pReal ) , parameter :: &
nDefToler = 1.0e-10_pReal , &
b = 2.5e-10_pReal ! Length of Burgers vector
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nGDim = param ( ho ) % N_constituents
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rPen = 0.0_pReal
nMis = 0.0_pReal
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!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! get the correction factor the modulus of penalty stress representing the evolution of area of
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! the interfaces due to deformations
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surfCorr = surfaceCorrection ( avgF , ho , en )
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associate ( prm = > param ( ho ) )
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!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! computing the mismatch and penalty stress tensor of all grains
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grainLoop : do iGrain = 1 , product ( prm % N_constituents )
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muGrain = equivalentMu ( iGrain , ce )
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iGrain3 = grain1to3 ( iGrain , prm % N_constituents ) ! get the grain ID in local 3-dimensional index (x,y,z)-position
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interfaceLoop : do iFace = 1 , 6
intFace = getInterface ( iFace , iGrain3 ) ! get the 4-dimensional index of the interface in local numbering system of the grain
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nVect = interfaceNormal ( intFace , ho , en )
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iGNghb3 = iGrain3 ! identify the neighboring grain across the interface
iGNghb3 ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) ) = iGNghb3 ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) ) &
+ int ( real ( intFace ( 1 ) , pReal ) / real ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) , pReal ) )
where ( iGNghb3 < 1 ) iGNghb3 = nGDim
where ( iGNghb3 > nGDim ) iGNghb3 = 1
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iGNghb = grain3to1 ( iGNghb3 , prm % N_constituents ) ! get the ID of the neighboring grain
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muGNghb = equivalentMu ( iGNghb , ce )
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gDef = 0.5_pReal * ( fDef ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , iGNghb ) - fDef ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , iGrain ) ) ! difference/jump in deformation gradeint across the neighbor
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!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the mismatch tensor of all interfaces
nDefNorm = 0.0_pReal
nDef = 0.0_pReal
do i = 1 , 3 ; do j = 1 , 3
do k = 1 , 3 ; do l = 1 , 3
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nDef ( i , j ) = nDef ( i , j ) - nVect ( k ) * gDef ( i , l ) * math_LeviCivita ( j , k , l ) ! compute the interface mismatch tensor from the jump of deformation gradient
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end do ; end do
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nDefNorm = nDefNorm + nDef ( i , j ) ** 2.0_pReal ! compute the norm of the mismatch tensor
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end do ; end do
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nDefNorm = max ( nDefToler , sqrt ( nDefNorm ) ) ! approximation to zero mismatch if mismatch is zero (singularity)
nMis ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) , iGrain ) = nMis ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) , iGrain ) + nDefNorm ! total amount of mismatch experienced by the grain (at all six interfaces)
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!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the stress penalty of all interfaces
do i = 1 , 3 ; do j = 1 , 3 ; do k = 1 , 3 ; do l = 1 , 3
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rPen ( i , j , iGrain ) = rPen ( i , j , iGrain ) + 0.5_pReal * ( muGrain * b + muGNghb * b ) * prm % xi_alpha &
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* surfCorr ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) ) / prm % D_alpha ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) ) &
* cosh ( prm % c_alpha * nDefNorm ) &
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* 0.5_pReal * nVect ( l ) * nDef ( i , k ) / nDefNorm * math_LeviCivita ( k , l , j ) &
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* tanh ( nDefNorm / num % xSmoo )
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end do ; end do ; enddo ; end do
end do interfaceLoop
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end do grainLoop
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end associate
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end subroutine stressPenalty
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!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief calculate stress-like penalty due to volume discrepancy
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!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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subroutine volumePenalty ( vPen , vDiscrep , fAvg , fDef , nGrain )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( out ) :: vPen ! stress-like penalty due to volume
real ( pReal ) , intent ( out ) :: vDiscrep ! total volume discrepancy
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( in ) :: fDef ! deformation gradients
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: fAvg ! overall deformation gradient
integer , intent ( in ) :: &
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Ngrain
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( size ( vPen , 3 ) ) :: gVol
integer :: i
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!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the volumes of grains and of cluster
vDiscrep = math_det33 ( fAvg ) ! compute the volume of the cluster
do i = 1 , nGrain
gVol ( i ) = math_det33 ( fDef ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , i ) ) ! compute the volume of individual grains
vDiscrep = vDiscrep - gVol ( i ) / real ( nGrain , pReal ) ! calculate the difference/dicrepancy between
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! the volume of the cluster and the the total volume of grains
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end do
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!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! calculate the stress and penalty due to volume discrepancy
vPen = 0.0_pReal
do i = 1 , nGrain
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vPen ( : , : , i ) = - 1.0_pReal / real ( nGrain , pReal ) * num % volDiscrMod * num % volDiscrPow / num % maxVolDiscr * &
sign ( ( abs ( vDiscrep ) / num % maxVolDiscr ) ** ( num % volDiscrPow - 1.0 ) , vDiscrep ) * &
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gVol ( i ) * transpose ( math_inv33 ( fDef ( : , : , i ) ) )
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end do
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end subroutine volumePenalty
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief compute the correction factor accouted for surface evolution (area change) due to
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! deformation
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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function surfaceCorrection ( avgF , ho , en )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: surfaceCorrection
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: avgF !< average F
integer , intent ( in ) :: &
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ho , &
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en
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 , 3 ) :: invC
real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: nVect
real ( pReal ) :: detF
integer :: i , j , iBase
logical :: error
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call math_invert33 ( invC , detF , error , matmul ( transpose ( avgF ) , avgF ) )
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surfaceCorrection = 0.0_pReal
do iBase = 1 , 3
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nVect = interfaceNormal ( [ iBase , 1 , 1 , 1 ] , ho , en )
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do i = 1 , 3 ; do j = 1 , 3
surfaceCorrection ( iBase ) = surfaceCorrection ( iBase ) + invC ( i , j ) * nVect ( i ) * nVect ( j ) ! compute the component of (the inverse of) the stretch in the direction of the normal
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end do ; end do
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surfaceCorrection ( iBase ) = sqrt ( surfaceCorrection ( iBase ) ) * detF ! get the surface correction factor (area contraction/enlargement)
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end do
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end function surfaceCorrection
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!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief compute the equivalent shear and bulk moduli from the elasticity tensor
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!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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real ( pReal ) function equivalentMu ( grainID , ce )
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integer , intent ( in ) :: &
grainID , &
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ce
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 6 , 6 ) :: C
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C = phase_homogenizedC ( material_phaseID ( grainID , ce ) , material_phaseEntry ( grainID , ce ) )
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equivalentMu = lattice_equivalent_mu ( C , 'voigt' )
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end function equivalentMu
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!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief calculating the grain deformation gradient (the same with
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! homogenization_RGC_partitionDeformation, but used only for perturbation scheme)
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!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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subroutine grainDeformation ( F , avgF , ho , en )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : , : ) , intent ( out ) :: F !< partitioned F per grain
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( : , : ) , intent ( in ) :: avgF !< averaged F
integer , intent ( in ) :: &
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ho , &
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en
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: aVect , nVect
integer , dimension ( 4 ) :: intFace
integer , dimension ( 3 ) :: iGrain3
integer :: iGrain , iFace , i , j
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!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! compute the deformation gradient of individual grains due to relaxations
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associate ( prm = > param ( ho ) )
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F = 0.0_pReal
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do iGrain = 1 , product ( prm % N_constituents )
iGrain3 = grain1to3 ( iGrain , prm % N_constituents )
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do iFace = 1 , 6
intFace = getInterface ( iFace , iGrain3 )
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aVect = relaxationVector ( intFace , ho , en )
nVect = interfaceNormal ( intFace , ho , en )
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forall ( i = 1 : 3 , j = 1 : 3 ) &
F ( i , j , iGrain ) = F ( i , j , iGrain ) + aVect ( i ) * nVect ( j ) ! effective relaxations
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end do
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F ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , iGrain ) = F ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , iGrain ) + avgF ! relaxed deformation gradient
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end do
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end associate
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end subroutine grainDeformation
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end function RGC_updateState
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief writes results to HDF5 output file
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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module subroutine RGC_results ( ho , group )
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integer , intent ( in ) :: ho
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character ( len = * ) , intent ( in ) :: group
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integer :: o
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associate ( stt = > state ( ho ) , dst = > dependentState ( ho ) , prm = > param ( ho ) )
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outputsLoop : do o = 1 , size ( prm % output )
select case ( trim ( prm % output ( o ) ) )
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case ( 'M' )
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call results_writeDataset ( dst % mismatch , group , trim ( prm % output ( o ) ) , &
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'average mismatch tensor' , '1' )
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case ( 'Delta_V' )
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call results_writeDataset ( dst % volumeDiscrepancy , group , trim ( prm % output ( o ) ) , &
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'volume discrepancy' , 'm³' )
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case ( 'max_dot_a' )
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call results_writeDataset ( dst % relaxationrate_max , group , trim ( prm % output ( o ) ) , &
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'maximum relaxation rate' , 'm/s' )
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case ( 'avg_dot_a' )
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call results_writeDataset ( dst % relaxationrate_avg , group , trim ( prm % output ( o ) ) , &
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'average relaxation rate' , 'm/s' )
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end select
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end do outputsLoop
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end associate
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end subroutine RGC_results
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief collect relaxation vectors of an interface
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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pure function relaxationVector ( intFace , ho , en )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: relaxationVector
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integer , intent ( in ) :: ho , en
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) , intent ( in ) :: intFace !< set of interface ID in 4D array (normal and position)
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integer :: iNum
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! collect the interface relaxation vector from the global state array
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associate ( prm = > param ( ho ) , &
stt = > state ( ho ) )
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iNum = interface4to1 ( intFace , prm % N_constituents ) ! identify the position of the interface in global state array
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if ( iNum > 0 ) then
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relaxationVector = stt % relaxationVector ( ( 3 * iNum - 2 ) : ( 3 * iNum ) , en )
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else
relaxationVector = 0.0_pReal
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end if
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end associate
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end function relaxationVector
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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!> @brief identify the normal of an interface
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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pure function interfaceNormal ( intFace , ho , en ) result ( n )
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real ( pReal ) , dimension ( 3 ) :: n
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) , intent ( in ) :: intFace !< interface ID in 4D array (normal and position)
integer , intent ( in ) :: &
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ho , &
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en
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associate ( dst = > dependentState ( ho ) )
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n = 0.0_pReal
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n ( abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) ) = real ( intFace ( 1 ) / abs ( intFace ( 1 ) ) , pReal ) ! get the normal vector w.r.t. cluster axis
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n = matmul ( dst % orientation ( 1 : 3 , 1 : 3 , en ) , n ) ! map the normal vector into sample coordinate system (basis)
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end associate
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end function interfaceNormal
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief collect six faces of a grain in 4D (normal and position)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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pure function getInterface ( iFace , iGrain3 ) result ( i )
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) :: i
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integer , dimension ( 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: iGrain3 !< grain ID in 3D array
integer , intent ( in ) :: iFace !< face index (1..6) mapped like (-e1,-e2,-e3,+e1,+e2,+e3) or iDir = (-1,-2,-3,1,2,3)
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integer :: iDir !< direction of interface normal
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iDir = ( int ( real ( iFace - 1 , pReal ) / 2.0_pReal ) + 1 ) * ( - 1 ) ** iFace
i = [ iDir , iGrain3 ]
if ( iDir < 0 ) i ( 1 - iDir ) = i ( 1 - iDir ) - 1 ! to have a correlation with coordinate/position in real space
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end function getInterface
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief map grain ID from in 1D (global array) to in 3D (local position)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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pure function grain1to3 ( grain1 , nGDim )
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integer , dimension ( 3 ) :: grain1to3
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integer , intent ( in ) :: grain1 !< grain ID in 1D array
integer , dimension ( 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: nGDim
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grain1to3 = 1 + [ mod ( ( grain1 - 1 ) , nGDim ( 1 ) ) , &
mod ( ( grain1 - 1 ) / nGDim ( 1 ) , nGDim ( 2 ) ) , &
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( grain1 - 1 ) / ( nGDim ( 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) ) ]
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end function grain1to3
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief map grain ID from in 3D (local position) to in 1D (global array)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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integer pure function grain3to1 ( grain3 , nGDim )
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integer , dimension ( 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: grain3 !< grain ID in 3D array (pos.x,pos.y,pos.z)
integer , dimension ( 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: nGDim
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grain3to1 = grain3 ( 1 ) &
+ nGDim ( 1 ) * ( grain3 ( 2 ) - 1 ) &
+ nGDim ( 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * ( grain3 ( 3 ) - 1 )
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end function grain3to1
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief maps interface ID from 4D (normal and local position) into 1D (global array)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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integer pure function interface4to1 ( iFace4D , nGDim )
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) , intent ( in ) :: iFace4D !< interface ID in 4D array (n.dir,pos.x,pos.y,pos.z)
integer , dimension ( 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: nGDim
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select case ( abs ( iFace4D ( 1 ) ) )
case ( 1 )
if ( ( iFace4D ( 2 ) == 0 ) . or . ( iFace4D ( 2 ) == nGDim ( 1 ) ) ) then
interface4to1 = 0
else
interface4to1 = iFace4D ( 3 ) + nGDim ( 2 ) * ( iFace4D ( 4 ) - 1 ) &
+ nGDim ( 2 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) * ( iFace4D ( 2 ) - 1 )
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end if
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case ( 2 )
if ( ( iFace4D ( 3 ) == 0 ) . or . ( iFace4D ( 3 ) == nGDim ( 2 ) ) ) then
interface4to1 = 0
else
interface4to1 = iFace4D ( 4 ) + nGDim ( 3 ) * ( iFace4D ( 2 ) - 1 ) &
+ nGDim ( 3 ) * nGDim ( 1 ) * ( iFace4D ( 3 ) - 1 ) &
+ ( nGDim ( 1 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) ! total # of interfaces normal || e1
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end if
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case ( 3 )
if ( ( iFace4D ( 4 ) == 0 ) . or . ( iFace4D ( 4 ) == nGDim ( 3 ) ) ) then
interface4to1 = 0
else
interface4to1 = iFace4D ( 2 ) + nGDim ( 1 ) * ( iFace4D ( 3 ) - 1 ) &
+ nGDim ( 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * ( iFace4D ( 4 ) - 1 ) &
+ ( nGDim ( 1 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) & ! total # of interfaces normal || e1
+ nGDim ( 1 ) * ( nGDim ( 2 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) ! total # of interfaces normal || e2
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end if
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case default
interface4to1 = - 1
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end select
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end function interface4to1
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief maps interface ID from 1D (global array) into 4D (normal and local position)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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pure function interface1to4 ( iFace1D , nGDim )
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integer , dimension ( 4 ) :: interface1to4
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integer , intent ( in ) :: iFace1D !< interface ID in 1D array
integer , dimension ( 3 ) , intent ( in ) :: nGDim
integer , dimension ( 3 ) :: nIntFace
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the total number of interfaces, which ...
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nIntFace = [ ( nGDim ( 1 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) , & ! ... normal || e1
nGDim ( 1 ) * ( nGDim ( 2 ) - 1 ) * nGDim ( 3 ) , & ! ... normal || e2
nGDim ( 1 ) * nGDim ( 2 ) * ( nGDim ( 3 ) - 1 ) ] ! ... normal || e3
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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the corresponding interface ID in 4D (normal and local position)
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if ( iFace1D > 0 . and . iFace1D < = nIntFace ( 1 ) ) then ! interface with normal || e1
interface1to4 ( 1 ) = 1
interface1to4 ( 3 ) = mod ( ( iFace1D - 1 ) , nGDim ( 2 ) ) + 1
interface1to4 ( 4 ) = mod ( int ( real ( iFace1D - 1 , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 2 ) , pReal ) ) , nGDim ( 3 ) ) + 1
interface1to4 ( 2 ) = int ( real ( iFace1D - 1 , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 2 ) , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 3 ) , pReal ) ) + 1
elseif ( iFace1D > nIntFace ( 1 ) . and . iFace1D < = ( nIntFace ( 2 ) + nIntFace ( 1 ) ) ) then ! interface with normal || e2
interface1to4 ( 1 ) = 2
interface1to4 ( 4 ) = mod ( ( iFace1D - nIntFace ( 1 ) - 1 ) , nGDim ( 3 ) ) + 1
interface1to4 ( 2 ) = mod ( int ( real ( iFace1D - nIntFace ( 1 ) - 1 , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 3 ) , pReal ) ) , nGDim ( 1 ) ) + 1
interface1to4 ( 3 ) = int ( real ( iFace1D - nIntFace ( 1 ) - 1 , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 3 ) , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 1 ) , pReal ) ) + 1
elseif ( iFace1D > nIntFace ( 2 ) + nIntFace ( 1 ) . and . iFace1D < = ( nIntFace ( 3 ) + nIntFace ( 2 ) + nIntFace ( 1 ) ) ) then ! interface with normal || e3
interface1to4 ( 1 ) = 3
interface1to4 ( 2 ) = mod ( ( iFace1D - nIntFace ( 2 ) - nIntFace ( 1 ) - 1 ) , nGDim ( 1 ) ) + 1
interface1to4 ( 3 ) = mod ( int ( real ( iFace1D - nIntFace ( 2 ) - nIntFace ( 1 ) - 1 , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 1 ) , pReal ) ) , nGDim ( 2 ) ) + 1
interface1to4 ( 4 ) = int ( real ( iFace1D - nIntFace ( 2 ) - nIntFace ( 1 ) - 1 , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 1 ) , pReal ) / real ( nGDim ( 2 ) , pReal ) ) + 1
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end if
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end function interface1to4
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end submodule RGC