DAMASK_EICMD/src/homogenization_RGC.f90

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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @author Martin Diehl, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @author Denny Tjahjanto, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @author Franz Roters, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @author Philip Eisenlohr, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
!> @brief Relaxed grain cluster (RGC) homogenization scheme
!> Nconstituents is defined as p x q x r (cluster)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
module homogenization_RGC
use prec, only: &
pReal, &
pInt
implicit none
private
integer(pInt), dimension(:), allocatable, public :: &
homogenization_RGC_sizePostResults
integer(pInt), dimension(:,:), allocatable,target, public :: &
homogenization_RGC_sizePostResult
character(len=64), dimension(:,:), allocatable,target, public :: &
homogenization_RGC_output ! name of each post result output
integer(pInt), dimension(:), allocatable,target, public :: &
homogenization_RGC_Noutput !< number of outputs per homog instance
enum, bind(c)
enumerator :: undefined_ID, &
constitutivework_ID, &
penaltyenergy_ID, &
volumediscrepancy_ID, &
averagerelaxrate_ID,&
maximumrelaxrate_ID,&
ipcoords_ID,&
magnitudemismatch_ID,&
avgdefgrad_ID,&
avgfirstpiola_ID
end enum
type, private :: tParameters !< container type for internal constitutive parameters
integer(pInt), dimension(:), allocatable :: &
Nconstituents
real(pReal) :: &
xiAlpha, &
ciAlpha
real(pReal), dimension(:), allocatable :: &
dAlpha, &
angles
integer(kind(undefined_ID)), dimension(:), allocatable :: &
outputID !< ID of each post result output
end type
type, private :: tRGCState
real(pReal), pointer, dimension(:) :: &
work, &
penaltyEnergy, &
volumeDiscrepancy, &
relaxationRate_avg, &
relaxationRage_max
real(pReal), pointer, dimension(:,:) :: &
mismatch
end type tRGCState
! START: Could be improved
real(pReal), dimension(:,:,:,:), allocatable, private :: &
homogenization_RGC_orientation
! END: Could be improved
type(tParameters), dimension(:), allocatable, private :: param !< containers of parameters (len Ninstance)
type(tRGCState), dimension(:), allocatable, private :: state
public :: &
homogenization_RGC_init, &
homogenization_RGC_partitionDeformation, &
homogenization_RGC_averageStressAndItsTangent, &
homogenization_RGC_updateState, &
homogenization_RGC_postResults
private :: &
relaxationVector, &
interfaceNormal, &
getInterface, &
grain1to3, &
grain3to1, &
interface4to1, &
interface1to4
contains
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief allocates all necessary fields, reads information from material configuration file
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subroutine homogenization_RGC_init()
#if defined(__GFORTRAN__) || __INTEL_COMPILER >= 1800
use, intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only: &
compiler_version, &
compiler_options
#endif
use prec, only: &
pReal, &
pInt
use debug, only: &
debug_level, &
debug_homogenization, &
debug_levelBasic, &
debug_levelExtensive
use math, only: &
math_Mandel3333to66,&
math_Voigt66to3333, &
math_I3, &
math_sampleRandomOri,&
math_EulerToR,&
INRAD
use mesh, only: &
mesh_NcpElems,&
mesh_NipsPerElem, &
mesh_homogenizationAt, &
mesh_microstructureAt
use IO
use material
use config
implicit none
integer(pInt) :: &
NofMyHomog, &
h, &
outputSize, &
instance, &
sizeHState, nIntFaceTot
integer(pInt) :: maxNinstance, i,j,e, mySize
character(len=65536), dimension(0), parameter :: emptyStringArray = [character(len=65536)::]
integer(kind(undefined_ID)) :: &
outputID !< ID of each post result output
character(len=65536), dimension(:), allocatable :: outputs
type(tParameters) :: prm
write(6,'(/,a)') ' <<<+- homogenization_'//HOMOGENIZATION_RGC_label//' init -+>>>'
write(6,'(/,a)') ' Tjahjanto et al., International Journal of Material Forming, 2(1):939942, 2009'
write(6,'(a)') ' https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0619-1'
write(6,'(/,a)') ' Tjahjanto et al., Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 18:015006, 2010'
write(6,'(a)') ' https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015006'
write(6,'(a15,a)') ' Current time: ',IO_timeStamp()
#include "compilation_info.f90"
maxNinstance = int(count(homogenization_type == HOMOGENIZATION_RGC_ID),pInt)
if (maxNinstance == 0_pInt) return
if (iand(debug_level(debug_HOMOGENIZATION),debug_levelBasic) /= 0_pInt) &
write(6,'(a16,1x,i5,/)') '# instances:',maxNinstance
allocate(homogenization_RGC_sizePostResults(maxNinstance), source=0_pInt)
allocate(param(maxNinstance)) ! one container of parameters per instance
allocate(state(maxNinstance)) ! one container per instance
allocate(homogenization_RGC_Noutput(maxNinstance), source=0_pInt)
allocate(homogenization_RGC_output(maxval(homogenization_Noutput),maxNinstance))
homogenization_RGC_output=''
allocate(homogenization_RGC_sizePostResult(maxval(homogenization_Noutput),maxNinstance),&
source=0_pInt)
allocate(homogenization_RGC_orientation(3,3,mesh_NipsPerElem,mesh_NcpElems), source=0.0_pReal)
do h = 1_pInt, size(homogenization_type)
if (homogenization_type(h) /= HOMOGENIZATION_RGC_ID) cycle
instance = homogenization_typeInstance(h)
associate(prm => param(instance))
prm%Nconstituents = config_homogenization(h)%getInts('clustersize',requiredShape=[3])
if (homogenization_Ngrains(h) /= product(prm%Nconstituents)) &
call IO_error(211_pInt,ext_msg='clustersize ('//HOMOGENIZATION_RGC_label//')')
prm%xiAlpha = config_homogenization(h)%getFloat('scalingparameter')
prm%ciAlpha = config_homogenization(h)%getFloat('overproportionality')
prm%dAlpha = config_homogenization(h)%getFloats('grainsize',requiredShape=[3])
prm%angles = config_homogenization(h)%getFloats('clusterorientation',requiredShape=[3],&
defaultVal=[400.0_pReal,400.0_pReal,400.0_pReal])
outputs = config_homogenization(h)%getStrings('(output)',defaultVal=emptyStringArray)
allocate(prm%outputID(0))
do i=1_pInt, size(outputs)
outputID = undefined_ID
select case(outputs(i))
case('constitutivework')
outputID = constitutivework_ID
outputSize = 1_pInt
case('penaltyenergy')
outputID = penaltyenergy_ID
outputSize = 1_pInt
case('volumediscrepancy')
outputID = volumediscrepancy_ID
outputSize = 1_pInt
case('averagerelaxrate')
outputID = averagerelaxrate_ID
outputSize = 1_pInt
case('maximumrelaxrate')
outputID = maximumrelaxrate_ID
outputSize = 1_pInt
case('magnitudemismatch')
outputID = magnitudemismatch_ID
outputSize = 3_pInt
case default
end select
if (outputID /= undefined_ID) then
homogenization_RGC_output(i,instance) = outputs(i)
homogenization_RGC_sizePostResult(i,instance) = outputSize
prm%outputID = [prm%outputID , outputID]
endif
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! * assigning cluster orientations
elementLooping: do e = 1_pInt,mesh_NcpElems
if (homogenization_typeInstance(mesh_homogenizationAt(e)) == instance) then
noOrientationGiven: if (all (prm%angles >= 399.9_pReal)) then
homogenization_RGC_orientation(1:3,1:3,1,e) = math_EulerToR(math_sampleRandomOri())
do i = 2_pInt,mesh_NipsPerElem
homogenization_RGC_orientation(1:3,1:3,i,e) = merge(homogenization_RGC_orientation(1:3,1:3,1,e), &
math_EulerToR(math_sampleRandomOri()), &
microstructure_elemhomo(mesh_microstructureAt(e)))
enddo
else noOrientationGiven
do i = 1_pInt,mesh_NipsPerElem
homogenization_RGC_orientation(1:3,1:3,i,e) = math_EulerToR(prm%angles*inRad)
enddo
endif noOrientationGiven
endif
enddo elementLooping
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
write(6,'(a15,1x,i4,/)') 'instance: ', instance
write(6,'(a25,3(1x,i8))') 'cluster size: ',(prm%Nconstituents(j),j=1_pInt,3_pInt)
write(6,'(a25,1x,e10.3)') 'scaling parameter: ', prm%xiAlpha
write(6,'(a25,1x,e10.3)') 'over-proportionality: ', prm%ciAlpha
write(6,'(a25,3(1x,e10.3))') 'grain size: ',(prm%dAlpha(j),j=1_pInt,3_pInt)
write(6,'(a25,3(1x,e10.3))') 'cluster orientation: ',(prm%angles(j),j=1_pInt,3_pInt)
endif
NofMyHomog = count(material_homog == h)
nIntFaceTot = 3_pInt*( (prm%Nconstituents(1)-1_pInt)*prm%Nconstituents(2)*prm%Nconstituents(3) &
+ prm%Nconstituents(1)*(prm%Nconstituents(2)-1_pInt)*prm%Nconstituents(3) &
+ prm%Nconstituents(1)*prm%Nconstituents(2)*(prm%Nconstituents(3)-1_pInt))
sizeHState = nIntFaceTot &
+ 8_pInt ! (1) Average constitutive work, (2-4) Overall mismatch, (5) Average penalty energy,
! (6) Volume discrepancy, (7) Avg relaxation rate component, (8) Max relaxation rate component
homogState(h)%sizeState = sizeHState
homogenization_RGC_sizePostResults(instance) = sum(homogenization_RGC_sizePostResult(:,instance))
homogState(h)%sizePostResults = homogenization_RGC_sizePostResults(instance)
allocate(homogState(h)%state0 (sizeHState,NofMyHomog), source=0.0_pReal)
allocate(homogState(h)%subState0(sizeHState,NofMyHomog), source=0.0_pReal)
allocate(homogState(h)%state (sizeHState,NofMyHomog), source=0.0_pReal)
state(instance)%work =>homogState(h)%state(nIntFaceTot+1,:)
state(instance)%penaltyEnergy =>homogState(h)%state(nIntFaceTot+5,:)
end associate
enddo
end subroutine homogenization_RGC_init
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief partitions the deformation gradient onto the constituents
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subroutine homogenization_RGC_partitionDeformation(F,avgF,ip,el)
use debug, only: &
debug_level, &
debug_homogenization, &
debug_levelExtensive
use mesh, only: &
mesh_homogenizationAt
use material, only: &
homogenization_maxNgrains, &
homogenization_Ngrains,&
homogenization_typeInstance
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(out) :: F !< partioned F per grain
real(pReal), dimension (3,3), intent(in) :: avgF !< averaged F
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
ip, & !< integration point number
el !< element number
real(pReal), dimension (3) :: aVect,nVect
integer(pInt), dimension (4) :: intFace
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: iGrain3
integer(pInt) :: instance, iGrain,iFace,i,j
integer(pInt), parameter :: nFace = 6_pInt
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the deformation gradient of individual grains due to relaxations
instance = homogenization_typeInstance(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
F = 0.0_pReal
do iGrain = 1_pInt,homogenization_Ngrains(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
iGrain3 = grain1to3(iGrain,instance)
do iFace = 1_pInt,nFace
intFace = getInterface(iFace,iGrain3) ! identifying 6 interfaces of each grain
aVect = relaxationVector(intFace,instance, ip, el) ! get the relaxation vectors for each interface from global relaxation vector array
nVect = interfaceNormal(intFace,ip,el) ! get the normal of each interface
forall (i=1_pInt:3_pInt,j=1_pInt:3_pInt) &
F(i,j,iGrain) = F(i,j,iGrain) + aVect(i)*nVect(j) ! calculating deformation relaxations due to interface relaxation
enddo
F(1:3,1:3,iGrain) = F(1:3,1:3,iGrain) + avgF ! resulting relaxed deformation gradient
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the grain deformation gradients
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a32,1x,i3)')'Deformation gradient of grain: ',iGrain
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt
write(6,'(1x,3(e15.8,1x))')(F(i,j,iGrain), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
enddo
end subroutine homogenization_RGC_partitionDeformation
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief update the internal state of the homogenization scheme and tell whether "done" and
! "happy" with result
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function homogenization_RGC_updateState(P,F,F0,avgF,dt,dPdF,ip,el)
use prec, only: &
dEq0
use debug, only: &
debug_level, &
debug_homogenization,&
debug_levelExtensive, &
debug_e, &
debug_i
use math, only: &
math_invert
use mesh, only: &
mesh_homogenizationAt
use material, only: &
homogenization_maxNgrains, &
homogenization_typeInstance, &
homogState, &
mappingHomogenization, &
homogenization_Ngrains
use numerics, only: &
absTol_RGC, &
relTol_RGC, &
absMax_RGC, &
relMax_RGC, &
pPert_RGC, &
maxdRelax_RGC, &
viscPower_RGC, &
viscModus_RGC, &
refRelaxRate_RGC
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(in) :: &
P,& !< array of P
F,& !< array of F
F0 !< array of initial F
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(in) :: dPdF !< array of current grain stiffness
real(pReal), dimension (3,3), intent(in) :: avgF !< average F
real(pReal), intent(in) :: dt !< time increment
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
ip, & !< integration point number
el !< element number
logical, dimension(2) :: homogenization_RGC_updateState
integer(pInt), dimension (4) :: intFaceN,intFaceP,faceID
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: nGDim,iGr3N,iGr3P,stresLoc
integer(pInt), dimension (2) :: residLoc
integer(pInt) instance,iNum,i,j,nIntFaceTot,iGrN,iGrP,iMun,iFace,k,l,ipert,iGrain,nGrain, of
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains) :: R,pF,pR,D,pD
real(pReal), dimension (3,homogenization_maxNgrains) :: NN,pNN
real(pReal), dimension (3) :: normP,normN,mornP,mornN
real(pReal) :: residMax,stresMax,volDiscrep
logical error
integer(pInt), parameter :: nFace = 6_pInt
real(pReal), dimension(:,:), allocatable :: tract,jmatrix,jnverse,smatrix,pmatrix,rmatrix
real(pReal), dimension(:), allocatable :: resid,relax,p_relax,p_resid,drelax
zeroTimeStep: if(dEq0(dt)) then
homogenization_RGC_updateState = .true. ! pretend everything is fine and return
return
endif zeroTimeStep
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the dimension of the cluster (grains and interfaces)
instance = homogenization_typeInstance(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
of = mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el)
nGDim = param(instance)%Nconstituents
nGrain = homogenization_Ngrains(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
nIntFaceTot = (nGDim(1)-1_pInt)*nGDim(2)*nGDim(3) + nGDim(1)*(nGDim(2)-1_pInt)*nGDim(3) &
+ nGDim(1)*nGDim(2)*(nGDim(3)-1_pInt)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! allocate the size of the global relaxation arrays/jacobian matrices depending on the size of the cluster
allocate(resid(3_pInt*nIntFaceTot), source=0.0_pReal)
allocate(tract(nIntFaceTot,3), source=0.0_pReal)
relax = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))%state (1:3_pInt*nIntFaceTot,of)
drelax = relax &
- homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))%state0(1:3_pInt*nIntFaceTot,of)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the obtained state
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Obtained state: '
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,2(e15.8,1x))')homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))%state(i,of)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing interface mismatch and stress penalty tensor for all interfaces of all grains
call stressPenalty(R,NN,avgF,F,ip,el,instance)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! calculating volume discrepancy and stress penalty related to overall volume discrepancy
call volumePenalty(D,volDiscrep,F,avgF,ip,el)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the mismatch, stress and penalties of grains
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
do iGrain = 1_pInt,nGrain
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,i3,1x,a4,3(1x,e15.8))')'Mismatch magnitude of grain(',iGrain,') :',&
NN(1,iGrain),NN(2,iGrain),NN(3,iGrain)
write(6,'(/,1x,a30,1x,i3)')'Stress and penalties of grain: ',iGrain
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt
write(6,'(1x,3(e15.8,1x),1x,3(e15.8,1x),1x,3(e15.8,1x))')(P(i,j,iGrain), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt), &
(R(i,j,iGrain), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt), &
(D(i,j,iGrain), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
enddo
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing the residual stress from the balance of traction at all (interior) interfaces
do iNum = 1_pInt,nIntFaceTot
faceID = interface1to4(iNum,instance) ! identifying the interface ID in local coordinate system (4-dimensional index)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the left/bottom/back grain (-|N)
iGr3N = faceID(2:4) ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
iGrN = grain3to1(iGr3N,instance) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
intFaceN = getInterface(2_pInt*faceID(1),iGr3N)
normN = interfaceNormal(intFaceN,ip,el) ! get the interface normal
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the right/up/front grain (+|P)
iGr3P = iGr3N
iGr3P(faceID(1)) = iGr3N(faceID(1))+1_pInt ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
iGrP = grain3to1(iGr3P,instance) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
intFaceP = getInterface(2_pInt*faceID(1)-1_pInt,iGr3P)
normP = interfaceNormal(intFaceP,ip,el) ! get the interface normal
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the residual of traction at the interface (in local system, 4-dimensional index)
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt
tract(iNum,i) = sign(viscModus_RGC*(abs(drelax(i+3*(iNum-1_pInt)))/(refRelaxRate_RGC*dt))**viscPower_RGC, &
drelax(i+3*(iNum-1_pInt))) ! contribution from the relaxation viscosity
do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt
tract(iNum,i) = tract(iNum,i) + (P(i,j,iGrP) + R(i,j,iGrP) + D(i,j,iGrP))*normP(j) & ! contribution from material stress P, mismatch penalty R, and volume penalty D projected into the interface
+ (P(i,j,iGrN) + R(i,j,iGrN) + D(i,j,iGrN))*normN(j)
resid(i+3_pInt*(iNum-1_pInt)) = tract(iNum,i) ! translate the local residual into global 1-dimensional residual array
enddo
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the residual stress
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,i3)')'Traction at interface: ',iNum
write(6,'(1x,3(e15.8,1x))')(tract(iNum,j), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt)
write(6,*)' '
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! convergence check for stress residual
stresMax = maxval(abs(P)) ! get the maximum of first Piola-Kirchhoff (material) stress
stresLoc = int(maxloc(abs(P)),pInt) ! get the location of the maximum stress
residMax = maxval(abs(tract)) ! get the maximum of the residual
residLoc = int(maxloc(abs(tract)),pInt) ! get the position of the maximum residual
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! Debugging the convergent criteria
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a)')' '
write(6,'(1x,a,1x,i2,1x,i4)')'RGC residual check ...',ip,el
write(6,'(1x,a15,1x,e15.8,1x,a7,i3,1x,a12,i2,i2)')'Max stress: ',stresMax, &
'@ grain',stresLoc(3),'in component',stresLoc(1),stresLoc(2)
write(6,'(1x,a15,1x,e15.8,1x,a7,i3,1x,a12,i2)')'Max residual: ',residMax, &
'@ iface',residLoc(1),'in direction',residLoc(2)
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
homogenization_RGC_updateState = .false.
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! If convergence reached => done and happy
if (residMax < relTol_RGC*stresMax .or. residMax < absTol_RGC) then
homogenization_RGC_updateState = .true.
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a55,/)')'... done and happy'
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute/update the state for postResult, i.e., all energy densities computed by time-integration
do iGrain = 1_pInt,homogenization_Ngrains(mesh_homogenizationAt(el)) ! time-integration loop for the calculating the work and energy
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt
do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt
state(instance)%work(of) = state(instance)%work(of) &
+ P(i,j,iGrain)*(F(i,j,iGrain) - F0(i,j,iGrain))/real(nGrain,pReal)
state(instance)%penaltyEnergy(of) = state(instance)%penaltyEnergy(of) &
+ R(i,j,iGrain)*(F(i,j,iGrain) - F0(i,j,iGrain))/real(nGrain,pReal)
enddo
enddo
enddo
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+2,of) = sum(NN(1,:))/real(nGrain,pReal) ! the overall mismatch of all interface normal to e1-direction
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+3,of) = sum(NN(2,:))/real(nGrain,pReal) ! the overall mismatch of all interface normal to e2-direction
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+4,of) = sum(NN(3,:))/real(nGrain,pReal) ! the overall mismatch of all interface normal to e3-direction
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+6,of) = volDiscrep ! the overall volume discrepancy
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+7,of) = &
sum(abs(drelax))/dt/real(3_pInt*nIntFaceTot,pReal) ! the average rate of relaxation vectors
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+8,of) = maxval(abs(drelax))/dt ! the maximum rate of relaxation vectors
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,e15.8)') 'Constitutive work: ',state(instance)%work(of)
write(6,'(1x,a30,3(1x,e15.8))')'Magnitude mismatch: ',sum(NN(1,:))/real(nGrain,pReal), &
sum(NN(2,:))/real(nGrain,pReal), &
sum(NN(3,:))/real(nGrain,pReal)
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,e15.8)') 'Penalty energy: ',state(instance)%penaltyEnergy(of)
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,e15.8,/)') 'Volume discrepancy: ',volDiscrep
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,e15.8)') 'Maximum relaxation rate: ',maxval(abs(drelax))/dt
write(6,'(1x,a30,1x,e15.8,/)') 'Average relaxation rate: ',sum(abs(drelax))/dt/real(3_pInt*nIntFaceTot,pReal)
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
return
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! if residual blows-up => done but unhappy
elseif (residMax > relMax_RGC*stresMax .or. residMax > absMax_RGC) then ! try to restart when residual blows up exceeding maximum bound
homogenization_RGC_updateState = [.true.,.false.] ! with direct cut-back
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a55,/)')'... broken'
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
return
else ! proceed with computing the Jacobian and state update
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a55,/)')'... not yet done'
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
endif
!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! construct the global Jacobian matrix for updating the global relaxation vector array when
! convergence is not yet reached ...
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! ... of the constitutive stress tangent, assembled from dPdF or material constitutive model "smatrix"
allocate(smatrix(3*nIntFaceTot,3*nIntFaceTot), source=0.0_pReal)
do iNum = 1_pInt,nIntFaceTot
faceID = interface1to4(iNum,instance) ! assembling of local dPdF into global Jacobian matrix
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the left/bottom/back grain (-|N)
iGr3N = faceID(2:4) ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate sytem
iGrN = grain3to1(iGr3N,instance) ! translate into global grain ID
intFaceN = getInterface(2_pInt*faceID(1),iGr3N) ! identifying the connecting interface in local coordinate system
normN = interfaceNormal(intFaceN,ip,el) ! get the interface normal
do iFace = 1_pInt,nFace
intFaceN = getInterface(iFace,iGr3N) ! identifying all interfaces that influence relaxation of the above interface
mornN = interfaceNormal(intFaceN,ip,el) ! get normal of the interfaces
iMun = interface4to1(intFaceN,instance) ! translate the interfaces ID into local 4-dimensional index
if (iMun > 0) then ! get the corresponding tangent
do i=1_pInt,3_pInt; do j=1_pInt,3_pInt; do k=1_pInt,3_pInt; do l=1_pInt,3_pInt
smatrix(3*(iNum-1)+i,3*(iMun-1)+j) = smatrix(3*(iNum-1)+i,3*(iMun-1)+j) + dPdF(i,k,j,l,iGrN)*normN(k)*mornN(l)
enddo;enddo;enddo;enddo
! projecting the material tangent dPdF into the interface
! to obtain the Jacobian matrix contribution of dPdF
endif
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the right/up/front grain (+|P)
iGr3P = iGr3N
iGr3P(faceID(1)) = iGr3N(faceID(1))+1_pInt ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate sytem
iGrP = grain3to1(iGr3P,instance) ! translate into global grain ID
intFaceP = getInterface(2_pInt*faceID(1)-1_pInt,iGr3P) ! identifying the connecting interface in local coordinate system
normP = interfaceNormal(intFaceP,ip,el) ! get the interface normal
do iFace = 1_pInt,nFace
intFaceP = getInterface(iFace,iGr3P) ! identifying all interfaces that influence relaxation of the above interface
mornP = interfaceNormal(intFaceP,ip,el) ! get normal of the interfaces
iMun = interface4to1(intFaceP,instance) ! translate the interfaces ID into local 4-dimensional index
if (iMun > 0_pInt) then ! get the corresponding tangent
do i=1_pInt,3_pInt; do j=1_pInt,3_pInt; do k=1_pInt,3_pInt; do l=1_pInt,3_pInt
smatrix(3*(iNum-1)+i,3*(iMun-1)+j) = smatrix(3*(iNum-1)+i,3*(iMun-1)+j) + dPdF(i,k,j,l,iGrP)*normP(k)*mornP(l)
enddo;enddo;enddo;enddo
endif
enddo
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the global Jacobian matrix of stress tangent
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Jacobian matrix of stress'
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,100(e11.4,1x))')(smatrix(i,j), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! ... of the stress penalty tangent (mismatch penalty and volume penalty, computed using numerical
! perturbation method) "pmatrix"
allocate(pmatrix(3*nIntFaceTot,3*nIntFaceTot), source=0.0_pReal)
allocate(p_relax(3*nIntFaceTot), source=0.0_pReal)
allocate(p_resid(3*nIntFaceTot), source=0.0_pReal)
do ipert = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
p_relax = relax
p_relax(ipert) = relax(ipert) + pPert_RGC ! perturb the relaxation vector
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))%state(1:3*nIntFaceTot,of) = p_relax
call grainDeformation(pF,avgF,ip,el) ! compute the grains deformation from perturbed state
call stressPenalty(pR,pNN,avgF,pF,ip,el,instance) ! compute stress penalty due to interface mismatch from perturbed state
call volumePenalty(pD,volDiscrep,pF,avgF,ip,el) ! compute stress penalty due to volume discrepancy from perturbed state
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing the global stress residual array from the perturbed state
p_resid = 0.0_pReal
do iNum = 1_pInt,nIntFaceTot
faceID = interface1to4(iNum,instance) ! identifying the interface ID in local coordinate system (4-dimensional index)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the left/bottom/back grain (-|N)
iGr3N = faceID(2:4) ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
iGrN = grain3to1(iGr3N,instance) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
intFaceN = getInterface(2_pInt*faceID(1),iGr3N) ! identifying the interface ID of the grain
normN = interfaceNormal(intFaceN,ip,el) ! get the corresponding interface normal
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the right/up/front grain (+|P)
iGr3P = iGr3N
iGr3P(faceID(1)) = iGr3N(faceID(1))+1_pInt ! identifying the grain ID in local coordinate system (3-dimensional index)
iGrP = grain3to1(iGr3P,instance) ! translate the local grain ID into global coordinate system (1-dimensional index)
intFaceP = getInterface(2_pInt*faceID(1)-1_pInt,iGr3P) ! identifying the interface ID of the grain
normP = interfaceNormal(intFaceP,ip,el) ! get the corresponding normal
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the residual stress (contribution of mismatch and volume penalties) from perturbed state
! at all interfaces
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt; do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt
p_resid(i+3*(iNum-1)) = p_resid(i+3*(iNum-1)) + (pR(i,j,iGrP) - R(i,j,iGrP))*normP(j) &
+ (pR(i,j,iGrN) - R(i,j,iGrN))*normN(j) &
+ (pD(i,j,iGrP) - D(i,j,iGrP))*normP(j) &
+ (pD(i,j,iGrN) - D(i,j,iGrN))*normN(j)
enddo; enddo
enddo
pmatrix(:,ipert) = p_resid/pPert_RGC
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the global Jacobian matrix of penalty tangent
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization), debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Jacobian matrix of penalty'
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,100(e11.4,1x))')(pmatrix(i,j), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! ... of the numerical viscosity traction "rmatrix"
allocate(rmatrix(3*nIntFaceTot,3*nIntFaceTot),source=0.0_pReal)
forall (i=1_pInt:3_pInt*nIntFaceTot) &
rmatrix(i,i) = viscModus_RGC*viscPower_RGC/(refRelaxRate_RGC*dt)* & ! tangent due to numerical viscosity traction appears
(abs(drelax(i))/(refRelaxRate_RGC*dt))**(viscPower_RGC - 1.0_pReal) ! only in the main diagonal term
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the global Jacobian matrix of numerical viscosity tangent
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization), debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Jacobian matrix of penalty'
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,100(e11.4,1x))')(rmatrix(i,j), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! The overall Jacobian matrix summarizing contributions of smatrix, pmatrix, rmatrix
allocate(jmatrix(3*nIntFaceTot,3*nIntFaceTot)); jmatrix = smatrix + pmatrix + rmatrix
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization), debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Jacobian matrix (total)'
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,100(e11.4,1x))')(jmatrix(i,j), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing the update of the state variable (relaxation vectors) using the Jacobian matrix
allocate(jnverse(3_pInt*nIntFaceTot,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot),source=0.0_pReal)
call math_invert(size(jmatrix,1),jmatrix,jnverse,error) ! Compute the inverse of the overall Jacobian matrix
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the inverse Jacobian matrix
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization), debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Jacobian inverse'
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,100(e11.4,1x))')(jnverse(i,j), j = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! calculate the state update (global relaxation vectors) for the next Newton-Raphson iteration
drelax = 0.0_pReal
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
drelax(i) = drelax(i) - jnverse(i,j)*resid(j) ! Calculate the correction for the state variable
enddo
enddo
relax = relax + drelax ! Updateing the state variable for the next iteration
homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))%state(1:3*nIntFaceTot,of) = relax
if (any(abs(drelax) > maxdRelax_RGC)) then ! Forcing cutback when the incremental change of relaxation vector becomes too large
homogenization_RGC_updateState = [.true.,.false.]
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a,1x,i3,1x,a,1x,i3,1x,a)')'RGC_updateState: ip',ip,'| el',el,'enforces cutback'
write(6,'(1x,a,1x,e15.8)')'due to large relaxation change =',maxval(abs(drelax))
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the return state
if (iand(debug_homogenization, debug_levelExtensive) > 0_pInt) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30)')'Returned state: '
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt*nIntFaceTot
write(6,'(1x,2(e15.8,1x))')homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))%state(i,of)
enddo
write(6,*)' '
flush(6)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
contains
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief calculate stress-like penalty due to deformation mismatch
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subroutine stressPenalty(rPen,nMis,avgF,fDef,ip,el,instance)
use debug, only: &
debug_level, &
debug_homogenization,&
debug_levelExtensive, &
debug_e, &
debug_i
use mesh, only: &
mesh_homogenizationAt
use constitutive, only: &
constitutive_homogenizedC
use math, only: &
math_civita
use material, only: &
homogenization_maxNgrains,&
homogenization_Ngrains
use numerics, only: &
xSmoo_RGC
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(out) :: rPen !< stress-like penalty
real(pReal), dimension (3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(out) :: nMis !< total amount of mismatch
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(in) :: fDef !< deformation gradients
real(pReal), dimension (3,3), intent(in) :: avgF !< initial effective stretch tensor
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: ip,el,instance
integer(pInt), dimension (4) :: intFace
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: iGrain3,iGNghb3,nGDim
real(pReal), dimension (3,3) :: gDef,nDef
real(pReal), dimension (3) :: nVect,surfCorr
real(pReal), dimension (2) :: Gmoduli
integer(pInt) :: iGrain,iGNghb,iFace,i,j,k,l
real(pReal) :: muGrain,muGNghb,nDefNorm,bgGrain,bgGNghb
type(tParameters) :: prm
integer(pInt), parameter :: nFace = 6_pInt
real(pReal), parameter :: nDefToler = 1.0e-10_pReal
nGDim = param(instance)%Nconstituents
rPen = 0.0_pReal
nMis = 0.0_pReal
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the correction factor the modulus of penalty stress representing the evolution of area of
! the interfaces due to deformations
surfCorr = surfaceCorrection(avgF,ip,el)
associate(prm => param(instance))
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the surface correction factor
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a20,2(1x,i3))')'Correction factor: ',ip,el
write(6,'(1x,3(e11.4,1x))')(surfCorr(i), i = 1,3)
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! computing the mismatch and penalty stress tensor of all grains
do iGrain = 1_pInt,homogenization_Ngrains(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
Gmoduli = equivalentModuli(iGrain,ip,el)
muGrain = Gmoduli(1) ! collecting the equivalent shear modulus of grain
bgGrain = Gmoduli(2) ! and the lengthh of Burgers vector
iGrain3 = grain1to3(iGrain,instance) ! get the grain ID in local 3-dimensional index (x,y,z)-position
!* Looping over all six interfaces of each grain
do iFace = 1_pInt,nFace
intFace = getInterface(iFace,iGrain3) ! get the 4-dimensional index of the interface in local numbering system of the grain
nVect = interfaceNormal(intFace,ip,el) ! get the interface normal
iGNghb3 = iGrain3 ! identify the neighboring grain across the interface
iGNghb3(abs(intFace(1))) = iGNghb3(abs(intFace(1))) + int(real(intFace(1),pReal)/real(abs(intFace(1)),pReal),pInt)
if (iGNghb3(1) < 1) iGNghb3(1) = nGDim(1) ! with periodicity along e1 direction
if (iGNghb3(1) > nGDim(1)) iGNghb3(1) = 1_pInt
if (iGNghb3(2) < 1) iGNghb3(2) = nGDim(2) ! with periodicity along e2 direction
if (iGNghb3(2) > nGDim(2)) iGNghb3(2) = 1_pInt
if (iGNghb3(3) < 1) iGNghb3(3) = nGDim(3) ! with periodicity along e3 direction
if (iGNghb3(3) > nGDim(3)) iGNghb3(3) = 1_pInt
iGNghb = grain3to1(iGNghb3,instance) ! get the ID of the neighboring grain
Gmoduli = equivalentModuli(iGNghb,ip,el) ! collecting the shear modulus and Burgers vector of the neighbor
muGNghb = Gmoduli(1)
bgGNghb = Gmoduli(2)
gDef = 0.5_pReal*(fDef(1:3,1:3,iGNghb) - fDef(1:3,1:3,iGrain)) ! compute the difference/jump in deformation gradeint across the neighbor
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the mismatch tensor of all interfaces
nDefNorm = 0.0_pReal
nDef = 0.0_pReal
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt; do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt
do k = 1_pInt,3_pInt; do l = 1_pInt,3_pInt
nDef(i,j) = nDef(i,j) - nVect(k)*gDef(i,l)*math_civita(j,k,l) ! compute the interface mismatch tensor from the jump of deformation gradient
enddo; enddo
nDefNorm = nDefNorm + nDef(i,j)*nDef(i,j) ! compute the norm of the mismatch tensor
enddo; enddo
nDefNorm = max(nDefToler,sqrt(nDefNorm)) ! approximation to zero mismatch if mismatch is zero (singularity)
nMis(abs(intFace(1)),iGrain) = nMis(abs(intFace(1)),iGrain) + nDefNorm ! total amount of mismatch experienced by the grain (at all six interfaces)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debuggin the mismatch tensor
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a20,i2,1x,a20,1x,i3)')'Mismatch to face: ',intFace(1),'neighbor grain: ',iGNghb
do i = 1,3
write(6,'(1x,3(e11.4,1x))')(nDef(i,j), j = 1,3)
enddo
write(6,'(1x,a20,e11.4)')'with magnitude: ',nDefNorm
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the stress penalty of all interfaces
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt; do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt
do k = 1_pInt,3_pInt; do l = 1_pInt,3_pInt
rPen(i,j,iGrain) = rPen(i,j,iGrain) + 0.5_pReal*(muGrain*bgGrain + muGNghb*bgGNghb)*prm%xiAlpha &
*surfCorr(abs(intFace(1)))/prm%dAlpha(abs(intFace(1))) &
*cosh(prm%ciAlpha*nDefNorm) &
*0.5_pReal*nVect(l)*nDef(i,k)/nDefNorm*math_civita(k,l,j) &
*tanh(nDefNorm/xSmoo_RGC)
enddo; enddo
enddo; enddo
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the stress-like penalty
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a20,i2)')'Penalty of grain: ',iGrain
do i = 1,3
write(6,'(1x,3(e11.4,1x))')(rPen(i,j,iGrain), j = 1,3)
enddo
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
enddo
end associate
end subroutine stressPenalty
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief calculate stress-like penalty due to volume discrepancy
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subroutine volumePenalty(vPen,vDiscrep,fDef,fAvg,ip,el)
use debug, only: &
debug_level, &
debug_homogenization,&
debug_levelExtensive, &
debug_e, &
debug_i
use mesh, only: &
mesh_homogenizationAt
use math, only: &
math_det33, &
math_inv33
use material, only: &
homogenization_maxNgrains,&
homogenization_Ngrains
use numerics, only: &
maxVolDiscr_RGC,&
volDiscrMod_RGC,&
volDiscrPow_RGC
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(out) :: vPen ! stress-like penalty due to volume
real(pReal), intent(out) :: vDiscrep ! total volume discrepancy
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(in) :: fDef ! deformation gradients
real(pReal), dimension (3,3), intent(in) :: fAvg ! overall deformation gradient
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: ip,& ! integration point
el
real(pReal), dimension (homogenization_maxNgrains) :: gVol
integer(pInt) :: iGrain,nGrain,i,j
nGrain = homogenization_Ngrains(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the volumes of grains and of cluster
vDiscrep = math_det33(fAvg) ! compute the volume of the cluster
do iGrain = 1_pInt,nGrain
gVol(iGrain) = math_det33(fDef(1:3,1:3,iGrain)) ! compute the volume of individual grains
vDiscrep = vDiscrep - gVol(iGrain)/real(nGrain,pReal) ! calculate the difference/dicrepancy between
! the volume of the cluster and the the total volume of grains
enddo
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! calculate the stress and penalty due to volume discrepancy
vPen = 0.0_pReal
do iGrain = 1_pInt,nGrain
vPen(:,:,iGrain) = -1.0_pReal/real(nGrain,pReal)*volDiscrMod_RGC*volDiscrPow_RGC/maxVolDiscr_RGC* &
sign((abs(vDiscrep)/maxVolDiscr_RGC)**(volDiscrPow_RGC - 1.0),vDiscrep)* &
gVol(iGrain)*transpose(math_inv33(fDef(:,:,iGrain)))
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! debugging the stress-like penalty
if (iand(debug_level(debug_homogenization),debug_levelExtensive) /= 0_pInt &
.and. debug_e == el .and. debug_i == ip) then
!$OMP CRITICAL (write2out)
write(6,'(1x,a30,i2)')'Volume penalty of grain: ',iGrain
do i = 1,3
write(6,'(1x,3(e11.4,1x))')(vPen(i,j,iGrain), j = 1,3)
enddo
!$OMP END CRITICAL (write2out)
endif
enddo
end subroutine volumePenalty
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief compute the correction factor accouted for surface evolution (area change) due to
! deformation
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function surfaceCorrection(avgF,ip,el)
use math, only: &
math_invert33, &
math_mul33x33
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension(3) :: surfaceCorrection
real(pReal), dimension(3,3), intent(in) :: avgF !< average F
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: ip,& !< integration point number
el !< element number
real(pReal), dimension(3,3) :: invC
real(pReal), dimension(3) :: nVect
real(pReal) :: detF
integer(pInt) :: i,j,iBase
logical :: error
call math_invert33(math_mul33x33(transpose(avgF),avgF),invC,detF,error)
surfaceCorrection = 0.0_pReal
do iBase = 1_pInt,3_pInt
nVect = interfaceNormal([iBase,1_pInt,1_pInt,1_pInt],ip,el) ! get the normal of the interface
do i = 1_pInt,3_pInt; do j = 1_pInt,3_pInt
surfaceCorrection(iBase) = surfaceCorrection(iBase) + invC(i,j)*nVect(i)*nVect(j) ! compute the component of (the inverse of) the stretch in the direction of the normal
enddo; enddo
surfaceCorrection(iBase) = sqrt(surfaceCorrection(iBase))*detF ! get the surface correction factor (area contraction/enlargement)
enddo
end function surfaceCorrection
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief compute the equivalent shear and bulk moduli from the elasticity tensor
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function equivalentModuli(grainID,ip,el)
use constitutive, only: &
constitutive_homogenizedC
implicit none
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
grainID,&
ip, & !< integration point number
el !< element number
real(pReal), dimension (6,6) :: elasTens
real(pReal), dimension(2) :: equivalentModuli
real(pReal) :: &
cEquiv_11, &
cEquiv_12, &
cEquiv_44
elasTens = constitutive_homogenizedC(grainID,ip,el)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the equivalent shear modulus after Turterltaub and Suiker, JMPS (2005)
cEquiv_11 = (elasTens(1,1) + elasTens(2,2) + elasTens(3,3))/3.0_pReal
cEquiv_12 = (elasTens(1,2) + elasTens(2,3) + elasTens(3,1) + &
elasTens(1,3) + elasTens(2,1) + elasTens(3,2))/6.0_pReal
cEquiv_44 = (elasTens(4,4) + elasTens(5,5) + elasTens(6,6))/3.0_pReal
equivalentModuli(1) = 0.2_pReal*(cEquiv_11 - cEquiv_12) + 0.6_pReal*cEquiv_44
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! obtain the length of Burgers vector (could be model dependend)
equivalentModuli(2) = 2.5e-10_pReal
end function equivalentModuli
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief calculating the grain deformation gradient (the same with
! homogenization_RGC_partionDeformation, but used only for perturbation scheme)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subroutine grainDeformation(F, avgF, ip, el)
use mesh, only: &
mesh_homogenizationAt
use material, only: &
homogenization_maxNgrains,&
homogenization_typeInstance
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(out) :: F !< partioned F per grain
real(pReal), dimension (3,3), intent(in) :: avgF !<
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
el, & !< element number
ip !< integration point number
real(pReal), dimension (3) :: aVect,nVect
integer(pInt), dimension (4) :: intFace
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: iGrain3
integer(pInt) :: instance, iGrain,iFace,i,j
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the deformation gradient of individual grains due to relaxations
instance = homogenization_typeInstance(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
F = 0.0_pReal
do iGrain = 1_pInt,product(param(instance)%Nconstituents)
iGrain3 = grain1to3(iGrain,instance)
do iFace = 1_pInt,6_pInt
intFace = getInterface(iFace,iGrain3)
aVect = relaxationVector(intFace,instance, ip, el)
nVect = interfaceNormal(intFace,ip,el)
forall (i=1_pInt:3_pInt,j=1_pInt:3_pInt) &
F(i,j,iGrain) = F(i,j,iGrain) + aVect(i)*nVect(j) ! effective relaxations
enddo
F(1:3,1:3,iGrain) = F(1:3,1:3,iGrain) + avgF ! relaxed deformation gradient
enddo
end subroutine grainDeformation
end function homogenization_RGC_updateState
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief derive average stress and stiffness from constituent quantities
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subroutine homogenization_RGC_averageStressAndItsTangent(avgP,dAvgPdAvgF,P,dPdF,instance)
use material, only: &
homogenization_maxNgrains
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3,3), intent(out) :: avgP !< average stress at material point
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,3,3), intent(out) :: dAvgPdAvgF !< average stiffness at material point
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(in) :: P !< array of current grain stresses
real(pReal), dimension (3,3,3,3,homogenization_maxNgrains), intent(in) :: dPdF !< array of current grain stiffnesses
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: instance
avgP = sum(P,3) /real(product(param(instance)%Nconstituents),pReal)
dAvgPdAvgF = sum(dPdF,5)/real(product(param(instance)%Nconstituents),pReal)
end subroutine homogenization_RGC_averageStressAndItsTangent
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief return array of homogenization results for post file inclusion
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pure function homogenization_RGC_postResults(ip,el) result(postResults)
use mesh, only: &
mesh_homogenizationAt
use material, only: &
homogenization_typeInstance,&
homogState, &
mappingHomogenization, &
homogenization_Noutput
implicit none
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
ip, & !< integration point number
el !< element number
integer(pInt) instance,o,c,nIntFaceTot
type(tParameters) :: prm
real(pReal), dimension(homogenization_RGC_sizePostResults(homogenization_typeInstance(mesh_homogenizationAt(el)))) :: &
postResults
instance = homogenization_typeInstance(mesh_homogenizationAt(el))
associate(prm => param(instance))
nIntFaceTot=(prm%Nconstituents(1)-1_pInt)*prm%Nconstituents(2)* prm%Nconstituents(3)&
+ prm%Nconstituents(1)* (prm%Nconstituents(2)-1_pInt)*prm%Nconstituents(3)&
+ prm%Nconstituents(1)* prm%Nconstituents(2)* (prm%Nconstituents(3)-1_pInt)
c = 0_pInt
postResults = 0.0_pReal
outputsLoop: do o = 1_pInt,size(prm%outputID)
select case(prm%outputID(o))
case (constitutivework_ID)
postResults(c+1) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+1,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
c = c + 1_pInt
case (magnitudemismatch_ID)
postResults(c+1) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+2,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
postResults(c+2) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+3,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
postResults(c+3) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+4,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
c = c + 3_pInt
case (penaltyenergy_ID)
postResults(c+1) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+5,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
c = c + 1_pInt
case (volumediscrepancy_ID)
postResults(c+1) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+6,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
c = c + 1_pInt
case (averagerelaxrate_ID)
postResults(c+1) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+7,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
c = c + 1_pInt
case (maximumrelaxrate_ID)
postResults(c+1) = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state(3*nIntFaceTot+8,mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el))
c = c + 1_pInt
end select
enddo outputsLoop
end associate
end function homogenization_RGC_postResults
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief collect relaxation vectors of an interface
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function relaxationVector(intFace,instance, ip, el)
use material, only: &
homogState, &
mappingHomogenization
implicit none
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: ip, el
real(pReal), dimension (3) :: relaxationVector
integer(pInt), dimension (4), intent(in) :: intFace !< set of interface ID in 4D array (normal and position)
integer(pInt) :: &
iNum, &
instance !< homogenization ID
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! collect the interface relaxation vector from the global state array
relaxationVector = 0.0_pReal
iNum = interface4to1(intFace,instance) ! identify the position of the interface in global state array
if (iNum > 0_pInt) relaxationVector = homogState(mappingHomogenization(2,ip,el))% &
state((3*iNum-2):(3*iNum),mappingHomogenization(1,ip,el)) ! get the corresponding entries
end function relaxationVector
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief identify the normal of an interface
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function interfaceNormal(intFace,ip,el)
use debug, only: &
debug_homogenization,&
debug_levelExtensive
use math, only: &
math_mul33x3
implicit none
real(pReal), dimension (3) :: interfaceNormal
integer(pInt), dimension (4), intent(in) :: intFace !< interface ID in 4D array (normal and position)
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
ip, & !< integration point number
el !< element number
integer(pInt) :: nPos
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the normal of the interface, identified from the value of intFace(1)
interfaceNormal = 0.0_pReal
nPos = abs(intFace(1)) ! identify the position of the interface in global state array
interfaceNormal(nPos) = real(intFace(1)/abs(intFace(1)),pReal) ! get the normal vector w.r.t. cluster axis
interfaceNormal = &
math_mul33x3(homogenization_RGC_orientation(1:3,1:3,ip,el),interfaceNormal)
! map the normal vector into sample coordinate system (basis)
end function interfaceNormal
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief collect six faces of a grain in 4D (normal and position)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function getInterface(iFace,iGrain3)
implicit none
integer(pInt), dimension (4) :: getInterface
integer(pInt), dimension (3), intent(in) :: iGrain3 !< grain ID in 3D array
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: iFace !< face index (1..6) mapped like (-e1,-e2,-e3,+e1,+e2,+e3) or iDir = (-1,-2,-3,1,2,3)
integer(pInt) :: iDir
!* Direction of interface normal
iDir = (int(real(iFace-1_pInt,pReal)/2.0_pReal,pInt)+1_pInt)*(-1_pInt)**iFace
getInterface(1) = iDir
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! identify the interface position by the direction of its normal
getInterface(2:4) = iGrain3
if (iDir < 0_pInt) & ! to have a correlation with coordinate/position in real space
getInterface(1_pInt-iDir) = getInterface(1_pInt-iDir)-1_pInt
end function getInterface
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief map grain ID from in 1D (global array) to in 3D (local position)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function grain1to3(grain1,instance)
implicit none
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: grain1to3
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: &
grain1,& !< grain ID in 1D array
instance
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: nGDim
nGDim = param(instance)%Nconstituents
grain1to3 = 1_pInt + [mod((grain1-1_pInt),nGDim(1)), &
mod((grain1-1_pInt)/nGDim(1),nGDim(2)), &
(grain1-1_pInt)/(nGDim(1)*nGDim(2))]
end function grain1to3
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief map grain ID from in 3D (local position) to in 1D (global array)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pure function grain3to1(grain3,instance)
implicit none
integer(pInt), dimension (3), intent(in) :: grain3 !< grain ID in 3D array (pos.x,pos.y,pos.z)
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: instance ! homogenization ID
integer(pInt) :: grain3to1
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: nGDim
nGDim = param(instance)%Nconstituents
grain3to1 = grain3(1) + nGDim(1)*(grain3(2)-1_pInt) + nGDim(1)*nGDim(2)*(grain3(3)-1_pInt)
end function grain3to1
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief maps interface ID from 4D (normal and local position) into 1D (global array)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
integer(pInt) pure function interface4to1(iFace4D, instance)
implicit none
integer(pInt), dimension (4), intent(in) :: iFace4D !< interface ID in 4D array (n.dir,pos.x,pos.y,pos.z)
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: instance
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: nGDim,nIntFace
nGDim = param(instance)%Nconstituents
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the total number of interfaces, which ...
nIntFace(1) = (nGDim(1)-1_pInt)*nGDim(2)*nGDim(3) ! ... normal //e1
nIntFace(2) = nGDim(1)*(nGDim(2)-1_pInt)*nGDim(3) ! ... normal //e2
nIntFace(3) = nGDim(1)*nGDim(2)*(nGDim(3)-1_pInt) ! ... normal //e3
interface4to1 = -1_pInt
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the corresponding interface ID in 1D global array
if (abs(iFace4D(1)) == 1_pInt) then ! interface with normal //e1
interface4to1 = iFace4D(3) + nGDim(2)*(iFace4D(4)-1_pInt) &
+ nGDim(2)*nGDim(3)*(iFace4D(2)-1_pInt)
if ((iFace4D(2) == 0_pInt) .or. (iFace4D(2) == nGDim(1))) interface4to1 = 0_pInt
elseif (abs(iFace4D(1)) == 2_pInt) then ! interface with normal //e2
interface4to1 = iFace4D(4) + nGDim(3)*(iFace4D(2)-1_pInt) &
+ nGDim(3)*nGDim(1)*(iFace4D(3)-1_pInt) + nIntFace(1)
if ((iFace4D(3) == 0_pInt) .or. (iFace4D(3) == nGDim(2))) interface4to1 = 0_pInt
elseif (abs(iFace4D(1)) == 3_pInt) then ! interface with normal //e3
interface4to1 = iFace4D(2) + nGDim(1)*(iFace4D(3)-1_pInt) &
+ nGDim(1)*nGDim(2)*(iFace4D(4)-1_pInt) + nIntFace(1) + nIntFace(2)
if ((iFace4D(4) == 0_pInt) .or. (iFace4D(4) == nGDim(3))) interface4to1 = 0_pInt
endif
end function interface4to1
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!> @brief maps interface ID from 1D (global array) into 4D (normal and local position)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pure function interface1to4(iFace1D, instance)
implicit none
integer(pInt), dimension (4) :: interface1to4
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: iFace1D !< interface ID in 1D array
integer(pInt), intent(in) :: instance
integer(pInt), dimension (3) :: nGDim,nIntFace
nGDim = param(instance)%Nconstituents
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! compute the total number of interfaces, which ...
nIntFace(1) = (nGDim(1)-1_pInt)*nGDim(2)*nGDim(3) ! ... normal //e1
nIntFace(2) = nGDim(1)*(nGDim(2)-1_pInt)*nGDim(3) ! ... normal //e2
nIntFace(3) = nGDim(1)*nGDim(2)*(nGDim(3)-1_pInt) ! ... normal //e3
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! get the corresponding interface ID in 4D (normal and local position)
if (iFace1D > 0 .and. iFace1D <= nIntFace(1)) then ! interface with normal //e1
interface1to4(1) = 1_pInt
interface1to4(3) = mod((iFace1D-1_pInt),nGDim(2))+1_pInt
interface1to4(4) = mod(&
int(&
real(iFace1D-1_pInt,pReal)/&
real(nGDim(2),pReal)&
,pInt)&
,nGDim(3))+1_pInt
interface1to4(2) = int(&
real(iFace1D-1_pInt,pReal)/&
real(nGDim(2),pReal)/&
real(nGDim(3),pReal)&
,pInt)+1_pInt
elseif (iFace1D > nIntFace(1) .and. iFace1D <= (nIntFace(2) + nIntFace(1))) then ! interface with normal //e2
interface1to4(1) = 2_pInt
interface1to4(4) = mod((iFace1D-nIntFace(1)-1_pInt),nGDim(3))+1_pInt
interface1to4(2) = mod(&
int(&
real(iFace1D-nIntFace(1)-1_pInt,pReal)/&
real(nGDim(3),pReal)&
,pInt)&
,nGDim(1))+1_pInt
interface1to4(3) = int(&
real(iFace1D-nIntFace(1)-1_pInt,pReal)/&
real(nGDim(3),pReal)/&
real(nGDim(1),pReal)&
,pInt)+1_pInt
elseif (iFace1D > nIntFace(2) + nIntFace(1) .and. iFace1D <= (nIntFace(3) + nIntFace(2) + nIntFace(1))) then ! interface with normal //e3
interface1to4(1) = 3_pInt
interface1to4(2) = mod((iFace1D-nIntFace(2)-nIntFace(1)-1_pInt),nGDim(1))+1_pInt
interface1to4(3) = mod(&
int(&
real(iFace1D-nIntFace(2)-nIntFace(1)-1_pInt,pReal)/&
real(nGDim(1),pReal)&
,pInt)&
,nGDim(2))+1_pInt
interface1to4(4) = int(&
real(iFace1D-nIntFace(2)-nIntFace(1)-1_pInt,pReal)/&
real(nGDim(1),pReal)/&
real(nGDim(2),pReal)&
,pInt)+1_pInt
endif
end function interface1to4
end module homogenization_RGC