import copy import multiprocessing as mp from functools import partial import numpy as np from scipy import ndimage,spatial from . import environment from . import Rotation from . import VTK from . import util from . import grid_filters class Geom: """Geometry definition for grid solvers.""" def __init__(self,microstructure,size,origin=[0.0,0.0,0.0],homogenization=1,comments=[]): """ New geometry definition from array of microstructures and size. Parameters ---------- microstructure : numpy.ndarray Microstructure array (3D) size : list or numpy.ndarray Physical size of the microstructure in meter. origin : list or numpy.ndarray, optional Physical origin of the microstructure in meter. homogenization : int, optional Homogenization index. comments : list of str, optional Comment lines. """ self.set_microstructure(microstructure) self.set_size(size) self.set_origin(origin) self.set_homogenization(homogenization) self.set_comments(comments) def __repr__(self): """Basic information on geometry definition.""" return util.srepr([ f'grid a b c: {util.srepr(self.get_grid ()," x ")}', f'size x y z: {util.srepr(self.get_size ()," x ")}', f'origin x y z: {util.srepr(self.get_origin()," ")}', f'# materialpoints: {self.N_microstructure}', f'max materialpoint: {np.nanmax(self.microstructure)}', ]) def __copy__(self): """Copy geometry.""" return copy.deepcopy(self) def copy(self): """Copy geometry.""" return self.__copy__() def duplicate(self,microstructure=None,size=None,origin=None,comments=None,autosize=False): """ Create a duplicate having updated microstructure, size, and origin. Parameters ---------- microstructure : numpy.ndarray, optional Microstructure array (3D). size : list or numpy.ndarray, optional Physical size of the microstructure in meter. origin : list or numpy.ndarray, optional Physical origin of the microstructure in meter. comments : list of str, optional Comment lines. autosize : bool, optional Ignore size parameter and rescale according to change of grid points. """ if size is not None and autosize: raise ValueError('Auto-sizing conflicts with explicit size parameter.') grid_old = self.get_grid() dup = self.copy() dup.set_microstructure(microstructure) dup.set_origin(origin) if comments is not None: dup.set_comments(comments) if size is not None: dup.set_size(size) elif autosize: dup.set_size(dup.get_grid()/grid_old*self.get_size()) return dup def diff(self,other): """ Report property differences of self relative to other. Parameters ---------- other : Geom Geometry to compare self against. """ message = [] if np.any(other.get_grid() != self.get_grid()): message.append(util.delete(f'grid a b c: {util.srepr(other.get_grid()," x ")}')) message.append(util.emph( f'grid a b c: {util.srepr( self.get_grid()," x ")}')) if np.any(other.get_size() != self.get_size()): message.append(util.delete(f'size x y z: {util.srepr(other.get_size()," x ")}')) message.append(util.emph( f'size x y z: {util.srepr( self.get_size()," x ")}')) if np.any(other.get_origin() != self.get_origin()): message.append(util.delete(f'origin x y z: {util.srepr(other.get_origin()," ")}')) message.append(util.emph( f'origin x y z: {util.srepr( self.get_origin()," ")}')) if other.N_microstructure != self.N_microstructure: message.append(util.delete(f'# materialpoints: {other.N_microstructure}')) message.append(util.emph( f'# materialpoints: { self.N_microstructure}')) if np.nanmax(other.microstructure) != np.nanmax(self.microstructure): message.append(util.delete(f'max materialpoint: {np.nanmax(other.microstructure)}')) message.append(util.emph( f'max materialpoint: {np.nanmax( self.microstructure)}')) return util.return_message(message) def set_comments(self,comments): """ Replace all existing comments. Parameters ---------- comments : list of str All comments. """ self.comments = [] self.add_comments(comments) def add_comments(self,comments): """ Append comments to existing comments. Parameters ---------- comments : list of str New comments. """ self.comments += [str(c) for c in comments] if isinstance(comments,list) else [str(comments)] def set_microstructure(self,microstructure): """ Replace the existing microstructure representation. The complete microstructure is replaced (indcluding grid definition), unless a masked array is provided in which case the grid dimensions need to match and masked entries are not replaced. Parameters ---------- microstructure : numpy.ndarray or numpy.ma.core.MaskedArray of shape (:,:,:) Microstructure indices. """ if microstructure is not None: if isinstance(microstructure,np.ma.core.MaskedArray): self.microstructure = np.where(microstructure.mask, self.microstructure,microstructure.data) else: self.microstructure = np.copy(microstructure) if self.microstructure.dtype in np.sctypes['float'] and \ np.all(self.microstructure == self.microstructure.astype(int).astype(float)): self.microstructure = self.microstructure.astype(int) if len(self.microstructure.shape) != 3: raise ValueError(f'Invalid microstructure shape {microstructure.shape}') elif self.microstructure.dtype not in np.sctypes['float'] + np.sctypes['int']: raise TypeError(f'Invalid microstructure data type {microstructure.dtype}') def set_size(self,size): """ Replace the existing size information. Parameters ---------- size : list or numpy.ndarray Physical size of the microstructure in meter. """ if size is not None: if len(size) != 3 or any(np.array(size) <= 0): raise ValueError(f'Invalid size {size}') else: self.size = np.array(size) def set_origin(self,origin): """ Replace the existing origin information. Parameters ---------- origin : list or numpy.ndarray Physical origin of the microstructure in meter. """ if origin is not None: if len(origin) != 3: raise ValueError(f'Invalid origin {origin}') else: self.origin = np.array(origin) def set_homogenization(self,homogenization): """ Replace the existing homogenization index. Parameters ---------- homogenization : int Homogenization index. """ if homogenization is not None: if not isinstance(homogenization,int) or homogenization < 1: raise TypeError(f'Invalid homogenization {homogenization}.') else: self.homogenization = homogenization @property def grid(self): return self.get_grid() @property def N_microstructure(self): return np.unique(self.microstructure).size def get_microstructure(self): """Return the microstructure representation.""" return np.copy(self.microstructure) def get_size(self): """Return the physical size in meter.""" return np.copy(self.size) def get_origin(self): """Return the origin in meter.""" return np.copy(self.origin) def get_grid(self): """Return the grid discretization.""" return np.asarray(self.microstructure.shape) def get_homogenization(self): """Return the homogenization index.""" return self.homogenization def get_comments(self): """Return the comments.""" return self.comments[:] @staticmethod def load_ASCII(fname): """ Read a geom file. Parameters ---------- fname : str or file handle Geometry file to read. """ try: f = open(fname) except TypeError: f = fname f.seek(0) try: header_length,keyword = f.readline().split()[:2] header_length = int(header_length) except ValueError: header_length,keyword = (-1, 'invalid') if not keyword.startswith('head') or header_length < 3: raise TypeError('Header length information missing or invalid') content = f.readlines() comments = [] for i,line in enumerate(content[:header_length]): items = line.split('#')[0].lower().strip().split() key = items[0] if items else '' if key == 'grid': grid = np.array([ int(dict(zip(items[1::2],items[2::2]))[i]) for i in ['a','b','c']]) elif key == 'size': size = np.array([float(dict(zip(items[1::2],items[2::2]))[i]) for i in ['x','y','z']]) elif key == 'origin': origin = np.array([float(dict(zip(items[1::2],items[2::2]))[i]) for i in ['x','y','z']]) elif key == 'homogenization': homogenization = int(items[1]) else: comments.append(line.strip()) microstructure = np.empty(grid.prod()) # initialize as flat array i = 0 for line in content[header_length:]: items = line.split('#')[0].split() if len(items) == 3: if items[1].lower() == 'of': items = np.ones(int(items[0]))*float(items[2]) elif items[1].lower() == 'to': items = np.linspace(int(items[0]),int(items[2]), abs(int(items[2])-int(items[0]))+1,dtype=float) else: items = list(map(float,items)) else: items = list(map(float,items)) microstructure[i:i+len(items)] = items i += len(items) if i != grid.prod(): raise TypeError(f'Invalid file: expected {grid.prod()} entries, found {i}') if not np.any(np.mod(microstructure,1) != 0.0): # no float present microstructure = microstructure.astype('int') return Geom(microstructure.reshape(grid,order='F'),size,origin,homogenization,comments) @staticmethod def load(fname): """ Read a VTK rectilinear grid. Parameters ---------- fname : str or or pathlib.Path Geometry file to read. Valid extension is .vtr, it will be appended if not given. """ v = VTK.load(fname if str(fname).endswith('.vtr') else str(fname)+'.vtr') comments = v.get_comments() grid = np.array(v.vtk_data.GetDimensions())-1 bbox = np.array(v.vtk_data.GetBounds()).reshape(3,2).T size = bbox[1] - bbox[0] return Geom(v.get('materialpoint').reshape(grid,order='F'),size,bbox[0],comments=comments) @staticmethod def _find_closest_seed(seeds, weights, point): return np.argmin(np.sum((np.broadcast_to(point,(len(seeds),3))-seeds)**2,axis=1) - weights) @staticmethod def from_Laguerre_tessellation(grid,size,seeds,weights,periodic=True): """ Generate geometry from Laguerre tessellation. Parameters ---------- grid : int numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Number of grid points in x,y,z direction. size : list or numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Physical size of the microstructure in meter. seeds : numpy.ndarray of shape (:,3) Position of the seed points in meter. All points need to lay within the box. weights : numpy.ndarray of shape (seeds.shape[0]) Weights of the seeds. Setting all weights to 1.0 gives a standard Voronoi tessellation. periodic : Boolean, optional Perform a periodic tessellation. Defaults to True. """ if periodic: weights_p = np.tile(weights,27) # Laguerre weights (1,2,3,1,2,3,...,1,2,3) seeds_p = np.vstack((seeds -np.array([size[0],0.,0.]),seeds, seeds +np.array([size[0],0.,0.]))) seeds_p = np.vstack((seeds_p-np.array([0.,size[1],0.]),seeds_p,seeds_p+np.array([0.,size[1],0.]))) seeds_p = np.vstack((seeds_p-np.array([0.,0.,size[2]]),seeds_p,seeds_p+np.array([0.,0.,size[2]]))) coords = grid_filters.cell_coord0(grid*3,size*3,-size).reshape(-1,3) else: weights_p = weights seeds_p = seeds coords = grid_filters.cell_coord0(grid,size).reshape(-1,3) pool = mp.Pool(processes = int(environment.options['DAMASK_NUM_THREADS'])) result = pool.map_async(partial(Geom._find_closest_seed,seeds_p,weights_p), [coord for coord in coords]) pool.close() pool.join() microstructure = np.array(result.get()) if periodic: microstructure = microstructure.reshape(grid*3) microstructure = microstructure[grid[0]:grid[0]*2,grid[1]:grid[1]*2,grid[2]:grid[2]*2]%seeds.shape[0] else: microstructure = microstructure.reshape(grid) return Geom(microstructure+1,size,homogenization=1, comments=util.execution_stamp('Geom','from_Laguerre_tessellation'), ) @staticmethod def from_Voronoi_tessellation(grid,size,seeds,periodic=True): """ Generate geometry from Voronoi tessellation. Parameters ---------- grid : int numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Number of grid points in x,y,z direction. size : list or numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Physical size of the microstructure in meter. seeds : numpy.ndarray of shape (:,3) Position of the seed points in meter. All points need to lay within the box. periodic : Boolean, optional Perform a periodic tessellation. Defaults to True. """ coords = grid_filters.cell_coord0(grid,size).reshape(-1,3) KDTree = spatial.cKDTree(seeds,boxsize=size) if periodic else spatial.cKDTree(seeds) devNull,microstructure = KDTree.query(coords) return Geom(microstructure.reshape(grid)+1,size,homogenization=1, comments=util.execution_stamp('Geom','from_Voronoi_tessellation'), ) def save_ASCII(self,fname,compress=None): """ Writes a geom file. Parameters ---------- fname : str or file handle Geometry file to write with extension '.geom'. compress : bool, optional Compress geometry with 'x of y' and 'a to b'. """ header = [f'{len(self.comments)+4} header'] + self.comments header.append('grid a {} b {} c {}'.format(*self.get_grid())) header.append('size x {} y {} z {}'.format(*self.get_size())) header.append('origin x {} y {} z {}'.format(*self.get_origin())) header.append(f'homogenization {self.get_homogenization()}') grid = self.get_grid() if compress is None: plain = grid.prod()/self.N_microstructure < 250 else: plain = not compress if plain: format_string = '%g' if self.microstructure.dtype in np.sctypes['float'] else \ '%{}i'.format(1+int(np.floor(np.log10(np.nanmax(self.microstructure))))) np.savetxt(fname, self.microstructure.reshape([grid[0],np.prod(grid[1:])],order='F').T, header='\n'.join(header), fmt=format_string, comments='') else: try: f = open(fname,'w') except TypeError: f = fname compressType = None former = start = -1 reps = 0 for current in self.microstructure.flatten('F'): if abs(current - former) == 1 and (start - current) == reps*(former - current): compressType = 'to' reps += 1 elif current == former and start == former: compressType = 'of' reps += 1 else: if compressType is None: f.write('\n'.join(header)+'\n') elif compressType == '.': f.write(f'{former}\n') elif compressType == 'to': f.write(f'{start} to {former}\n') elif compressType == 'of': f.write(f'{reps} of {former}\n') compressType = '.' start = current reps = 1 former = current if compressType == '.': f.write(f'{former}\n') elif compressType == 'to': f.write(f'{start} to {former}\n') elif compressType == 'of': f.write(f'{reps} of {former}\n') def save(self,fname,compress=True): """ Generates vtk rectilinear grid. Parameters ---------- fname : str, optional Filename to write. If no file is given, a string is returned. Valid extension is .vtr, it will be appended if not given. compress : bool, optional Compress with zlib algorithm. Defaults to True. """ v = VTK.from_rectilinearGrid(self.grid,self.size,self.origin) v.add(self.microstructure.flatten(order='F'),'materialpoint') v.add_comments(self.comments) v.save(fname if str(fname).endswith('.vtr') else str(fname)+'.vtr',parallel=False,compress=compress) def show(self): """Show on screen.""" v = VTK.from_rectilinearGrid(self.grid,self.size,self.origin) v.show() def add_primitive(self,dimension,center,exponent, fill=None,R=Rotation(),inverse=False,periodic=True): """ Inserts a primitive geometric object at a given position. Parameters ---------- dimension : int or float numpy.ndarray of shape(3) Dimension (diameter/side length) of the primitive. If given as integers, grid point locations (cell centers) are addressed. If given as floats, coordinates are addressed. center : int or float numpy.ndarray of shape(3) Center of the primitive. If given as integers, grid point locations (cell centers) are addressed. If given as floats, coordinates are addressed. exponent : numpy.ndarray of shape(3) or float Exponents for the three axis. 0 gives octahedron (|x|^(2^0) + |y|^(2^0) + |z|^(2^0) < 1) 1 gives a sphere (|x|^(2^1) + |y|^(2^1) + |z|^(2^1) < 1) fill : int, optional Fill value for primitive. Defaults to microstructure.max() + 1. R : damask.Rotation, optional Rotation of primitive. Defaults to no rotation. inverse : Boolean, optional Retain original microstructure within primitive and fill outside. Defaults to False. periodic : Boolean, optional Repeat primitive over boundaries. Defaults to True. """ # normalized 'radius' and center r = np.array(dimension)/self.grid/2.0 if np.array(dimension).dtype in np.sctypes['int'] else \ np.array(dimension)/self.size/2.0 c = (np.array(center) + .5)/self.grid if np.array(center).dtype in np.sctypes['int'] else \ (np.array(center) - self.origin)/self.size coords = grid_filters.cell_coord0(self.grid,np.ones(3)) \ - ((np.ones(3)-(1./self.grid if np.array(center).dtype in np.sctypes['int'] else 0))*0.5 if periodic else c) # periodic center is always at CoG coords_rot = R.broadcast_to(tuple(self.grid))@coords with np.errstate(all='ignore'): mask = np.where(np.sum(np.power(coords_rot/r,2.0**exponent),axis=-1) > 1.0,True,False) if periodic: # translate back to center mask = np.roll(mask,((c-np.ones(3)*.5)*self.grid).astype(int),(0,1,2)) fill_ = np.full_like(self.microstructure,np.nanmax(self.microstructure)+1 if fill is None else fill) ms = np.ma.MaskedArray(fill_,np.logical_not(mask) if inverse else mask) return self.duplicate(ms, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','add_primitive')], ) def mirror(self,directions,reflect=False): """ Mirror microstructure along given directions. Parameters ---------- directions : iterable containing str Direction(s) along which the microstructure is mirrored. Valid entries are 'x', 'y', 'z'. reflect : bool, optional Reflect (include) outermost layers. Defaults to False. """ valid = ['x','y','z'] if not set(directions).issubset(valid): raise ValueError(f'Invalid direction {set(directions).difference(valid)} specified.') limits = [None,None] if reflect else [-2,0] ms = self.get_microstructure() if 'z' in directions: ms = np.concatenate([ms,ms[:,:,limits[0]:limits[1]:-1]],2) if 'y' in directions: ms = np.concatenate([ms,ms[:,limits[0]:limits[1]:-1,:]],1) if 'x' in directions: ms = np.concatenate([ms,ms[limits[0]:limits[1]:-1,:,:]],0) return self.duplicate(ms, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','mirror')], autosize=True) def flip(self,directions): """ Flip microstructure along given directions. Parameters ---------- directions : iterable containing str Direction(s) along which the microstructure is flipped. Valid entries are 'x', 'y', 'z'. """ valid = ['x','y','z'] if not set(directions).issubset(valid): raise ValueError(f'Invalid direction {set(directions).difference(valid)} specified.') ms = np.flip(self.microstructure, (valid.index(d) for d in directions if d in valid)) return self.duplicate(ms, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','flip')], ) def scale(self,grid,periodic=True): """ Scale microstructure to new grid. Parameters ---------- grid : numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Number of grid points in x,y,z direction. periodic : Boolean, optional Assume geometry to be periodic. Defaults to True. """ return self.duplicate(ndimage.interpolation.zoom( self.microstructure, grid/self.get_grid(), output=self.microstructure.dtype, order=0, mode=('wrap' if periodic else 'nearest'), prefilter=False ), comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','scale')], ) def clean(self,stencil=3,selection=None,periodic=True): """ Smooth microstructure by selecting most frequent index within given stencil at each location. Parameters ---------- stencil : int, optional Size of smoothing stencil. selection : list, optional Field values that can be altered. Defaults to all. periodic : Boolean, optional Assume geometry to be periodic. Defaults to True. """ def mostFrequent(arr,selection=None): me = arr[arr.size//2] if selection is None or me in selection: unique, inverse = np.unique(arr, return_inverse=True) return unique[np.argmax(np.bincount(inverse))] else: return me return self.duplicate(ndimage.filters.generic_filter( self.microstructure, mostFrequent, size=(stencil if selection is None else stencil//2*2+1,)*3, mode=('wrap' if periodic else 'nearest'), extra_keywords=dict(selection=selection), ).astype(self.microstructure.dtype), comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','clean')], ) def renumber(self): """Renumber sorted microstructure indices to 1,...,N.""" renumbered = np.empty(self.get_grid(),dtype=self.microstructure.dtype) for i, oldID in enumerate(np.unique(self.microstructure)): renumbered = np.where(self.microstructure == oldID, i+1, renumbered) return self.duplicate(renumbered, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','renumber')], ) def rotate(self,R,fill=None): """ Rotate microstructure (pad if required). Parameters ---------- R : damask.Rotation Rotation to apply to the microstructure. fill : int or float, optional Microstructure index to fill the corners. Defaults to microstructure.max() + 1. """ if fill is None: fill = np.nanmax(self.microstructure) + 1 dtype = float if np.isnan(fill) or int(fill) != fill or self.microstructure.dtype==np.float else int Eulers = R.as_Eulers(degrees=True) microstructure_in = self.get_microstructure() # These rotations are always applied in the reference coordinate system, i.e. (z,x,z) not (z,x',z'') # see https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~theshark/courses/cs354/lectures/cs354-14.pdf for angle,axes in zip(Eulers[::-1], [(0,1),(1,2),(0,1)]): microstructure_out = ndimage.rotate(microstructure_in,angle,axes,order=0, prefilter=False,output=dtype,cval=fill) if np.prod(microstructure_in.shape) == np.prod(microstructure_out.shape): # avoid scipy interpolation errors for rotations close to multiples of 90° microstructure_in = np.rot90(microstructure_in,k=np.rint(angle/90.).astype(int),axes=axes) else: microstructure_in = microstructure_out origin = self.origin-(np.asarray(microstructure_in.shape)-self.grid)*.5 * self.size/self.grid return self.duplicate(microstructure_in, origin=origin, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','rotate')], autosize=True, ) def canvas(self,grid=None,offset=None,fill=None): """ Crop or enlarge/pad microstructure. Parameters ---------- grid : numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Number of grid points in x,y,z direction. offset : numpy.ndarray of shape (3) Offset (measured in grid points) from old to new microstructure[0,0,0]. fill : int or float, optional Microstructure index to fill the background. Defaults to microstructure.max() + 1. """ if offset is None: offset = 0 if fill is None: fill = np.nanmax(self.microstructure) + 1 dtype = float if int(fill) != fill or self.microstructure.dtype in np.sctypes['float'] else int canvas = np.full(self.grid if grid is None else grid,fill,dtype) LL = np.clip( offset, 0,np.minimum(self.grid, grid+offset)) UR = np.clip( offset+grid, 0,np.minimum(self.grid, grid+offset)) ll = np.clip(-offset, 0,np.minimum( grid,self.grid-offset)) ur = np.clip(-offset+self.grid,0,np.minimum( grid,self.grid-offset)) canvas[ll[0]:ur[0],ll[1]:ur[1],ll[2]:ur[2]] = self.microstructure[LL[0]:UR[0],LL[1]:UR[1],LL[2]:UR[2]] return self.duplicate(canvas, origin=self.origin+offset*self.size/self.grid, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','canvas')], autosize=True, ) def substitute(self,from_microstructure,to_microstructure): """ Substitute microstructure indices. Parameters ---------- from_microstructure : iterable of ints Microstructure indices to be substituted. to_microstructure : iterable of ints New microstructure indices. """ substituted = self.get_microstructure() for from_ms,to_ms in zip(from_microstructure,to_microstructure): substituted[self.microstructure==from_ms] = to_ms return self.duplicate(substituted, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','substitute')], ) def vicinity_offset(self,vicinity=1,offset=None,trigger=[],periodic=True): """ Offset microstructure index of points in the vicinity of xxx. Different from themselves (or listed as triggers) within a given (cubic) vicinity, i.e. within the region close to a grain/phase boundary. ToDo: use include/exclude as in seeds.from_geom Parameters ---------- vicinity : int, optional Voxel distance checked for presence of other microstructure. Defaults to 1. offset : int, optional Offset (positive or negative) to tag microstructure indices, defaults to microstructure.max() + 1. trigger : list of ints, optional List of microstructure indices triggering a change. Defaults to [], meaning that different neigboors trigger a change. periodic : Boolean, optional Assume geometry to be periodic. Defaults to True. """ def tainted_neighborhood(stencil,trigger): me = stencil[stencil.shape[0]//2] if len(trigger) == 0: return np.any(stencil != me) if me in trigger: trigger = set(trigger) trigger.remove(me) trigger = list(trigger) return np.any(np.in1d(stencil,np.array(trigger))) offset_ = np.nanmax(self.microstructure) if offset is None else offset mask = ndimage.filters.generic_filter(self.microstructure, tainted_neighborhood, size=1+2*vicinity, mode='wrap' if periodic else 'nearest', extra_keywords={'trigger':trigger}) microstructure = np.ma.MaskedArray(self.microstructure + offset_, np.logical_not(mask)) return self.duplicate(microstructure, comments=self.get_comments()+[util.execution_stamp('Geom','vicinity_offset')], )