Merge branch 'development' into YAML-compatible-numerics

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -192,21 +192,6 @@ Post_addGradient:
     - master
     - release
 
-Post_ParaviewRelated:
-  stage: postprocessing
-  script: ParaviewRelated/test.py
-  except:
-    - master
-    - release
-
-Post_OrientationConversion:
-  stage: postprocessing
-  script:
-    - OrientationConversion/test.py
-  except:
-    - master
-    - release
-
 Post_OrientationAverageMisorientation:
   stage: postprocessing
   script:

PRIVATE

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit f391a36c2e829f2cb4db2297271941168f7fd7d8
+Subproject commit f3b610c6d7c4374e4af6779d16fc87d1bc272aa6

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v2.0.3-2692-g3d93a5ff
+v2.0.3-2717-g52aacf37

processing/post/binXY.py

@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import os
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from optparse import OptionParser
-
-import numpy as np
-
-import damask
-
-
-scriptName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]
-scriptID   = ' '.join([scriptName,damask.version])
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-#                                MAIN
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-parser = OptionParser(option_class=damask.extendableOption, usage='%prog options [ASCIItable(s)]', description = """
-Produces a binned grid of two columns from an ASCIItable, i.e. a two-dimensional probability density map.
-
-""", version = scriptID)
-
-parser.add_option('-d','--data',
-                  dest = 'data',
-                  type = 'string', nargs = 2, metavar = 'string string',
-                  help = 'column labels containing x and y ')
-parser.add_option('-w','--weight',
-                  dest = 'weight',
-                  type = 'string', metavar = 'string',
-                  help = 'column label containing weight of (x,y) point')
-parser.add_option('-b','--bins',
-                  dest = 'bins',
-                  type = 'int', nargs = 2, metavar = 'int int',
-                  help = 'number of bins in x and y direction [%default]')
-parser.add_option('-t','--type',
-                  dest = 'type',
-                  type = 'string', nargs = 3, metavar = 'string string string',
-                  help = 'type (linear/log) of x, y, and z axis [%default]')
-parser.add_option('-x','--xrange',
-                  dest = 'xrange',
-                  type = 'float', nargs = 2, metavar = 'float float',
-                  help = 'min max limits in x direction (optional)')
-parser.add_option('-y','--yrange',
-                  dest = 'yrange',
-                  type = 'float', nargs = 2, metavar = 'float float',
-                  help = 'min max limits in y direction (optional)')
-parser.add_option('-z','--zrange',
-                  dest = 'zrange',
-                  type = 'float', nargs = 2, metavar = 'float float',
-                  help = 'min max limits in z direction (optional)')
-parser.add_option('-i','--invert',
-                  dest = 'invert',
-                  action = 'store_true',
-                  help = 'invert probability density')
-parser.add_option('-r','--rownormalize',
-                  dest = 'normRow',
-                  action = 'store_true',
-                  help = 'normalize probability density in each row')
-parser.add_option('-c','--colnormalize',
-                  dest = 'normCol',
-                  action = 'store_true',
-                  help = 'normalize probability density in each column')
-
-parser.set_defaults(bins = (10,10),
-                    type = ('linear','linear','linear'),
-                    xrange = (0.0,0.0),
-                    yrange = (0.0,0.0),
-                    zrange = (0.0,0.0),
-                   )
-
-(options,filenames) = parser.parse_args()
-if filenames == []: filenames = [None]
-
-minmax = np.array([options.xrange,options.yrange,options.zrange])
-result = np.empty((options.bins[0],options.bins[1],3),'f')
-
-if options.data is None: parser.error('no data columns specified.')
-
-for name in filenames:
-  damask.util.report(scriptName,name)
-
-  table = damask.Table.from_ASCII(StringIO(''.join(sys.stdin.read())) if name is None else name)
-  data = np.hstack((table.get(options.data[0]),table.get(options.data[1])))
-
-  for c in (0,1):                                                                                   # check data minmax for x and y (i = 0 and 1)
-    if (minmax[c] == 0.0).all(): minmax[c] = [data[:,c].min(),data[:,c].max()]
-    if options.type[c].lower() == 'log':                                                            # if log scale
-      data[:,c] = np.log(data[:,c])                                                                 # change x,y coordinates to log
-      minmax[c] = np.log(minmax[c])                                                                 # change minmax to log, too
-
-  delta = minmax[:,1]-minmax[:,0]
-  (grid,xedges,yedges) = np.histogram2d(data[:,0],data[:,1],
-                                        bins=options.bins,
-                                        range=minmax[:2],
-                                        weights=table.get(options.weight) if options.weight else None)
-  if options.normCol:
-    for x in range(options.bins[0]):
-      sum = np.sum(grid[x,:])
-      if sum > 0.0:
-        grid[x,:] /= sum
-  if options.normRow:
-    for y in range(options.bins[1]):
-      sum = np.sum(grid[:,y])
-      if sum > 0.0:
-        grid[:,y] /= sum
-
-  if (minmax[2] == 0.0).all(): minmax[2] = [grid.min(),grid.max()]                                   # auto scale from data
-  if minmax[2,0] == minmax[2,1]:
-    minmax[2,0] -= 1.
-    minmax[2,1] += 1.
-  if (minmax[2] == 0.0).all():                                                                       # no data in grid?
-    damask.util.croak('no data found on grid...')
-    minmax[2,:] = np.array([0.0,1.0])                                                                # making up arbitrary z minmax
-  if options.type[2].lower() == 'log':
-    grid = np.log(grid)
-    minmax[2] = np.log(minmax[2])
-
-  delta[2] = minmax[2,1]-minmax[2,0]
-
-  for x in range(options.bins[0]):
-    for y in range(options.bins[1]):
-      result[x,y,:] = [minmax[0,0]+delta[0]/options.bins[0]*(x+0.5),
-                       minmax[1,0]+delta[1]/options.bins[1]*(y+0.5),
-                       np.clip((grid[x,y]-minmax[2,0])/delta[2],0.0,1.0)]
-
-  for c in (0,1):
-    if options.type[c].lower() == 'log': result[:,:,c] = np.exp(result[:,:,c])
-
-  if options.invert: result[:,:,2] = 1.0 - result[:,:,2]
-
-  comments = scriptID + '\t' + ' '.join(sys.argv[1:])
-  shapes = {'bin_%s'%options.data[0]:(1,),'bin_%s'%options.data[1]:(1,),'z':(1,)}
-  table  = damask.Table(result.reshape(options.bins[0]*options.bins[1],3),shapes,[comments])
-  if name:
-    outname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(name),'binned-{}-{}_'.format(*options.data) +
-                                                ('weighted-{}_'.format(options.weight) if options.weight else '') +
-                                                 os.path.basename(name))
-    table.to_ASCII(outname)
-  else:
-    table.to_ASCII(sys.stdout)

processing/post/vtk_addData.py

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import os
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from optparse import OptionParser
-
-import numpy as np
-
-import damask
-
-scriptName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]
-scriptID   = ' '.join([scriptName,damask.version])
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-#                                MAIN
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-parser = OptionParser(option_class=damask.extendableOption,
-                      usage='%prog options [ASCIItable(s)]',
-                      description = 'Add scalars/vectors, tensors, and/or a RGB tuples from ASCIItable '
-                                  + 'to existing VTK file (.vtr/.vtu/.vtp).',
-                      version = scriptID)
-
-parser.add_option(      '--vtk',
-                  dest = 'vtk',
-                  type = 'string', metavar = 'string',
-                  help = 'VTK file name')
-parser.add_option('-d', '--data',
-                  dest = 'data',
-                  action = 'extend', metavar = '<string LIST>',
-                  help = 'scalar/vector value(s) label(s)')
-parser.add_option('-t', '--tensor',
-                  dest = 'tensor',
-                  action = 'extend', metavar = '<string LIST>',
-                  help = 'tensor (3x3) value label(s)')
-parser.add_option('-c', '--color',
-                  dest = 'color',
-                  action = 'extend', metavar = '<string LIST>',
-                  help = 'RGB color tuple label')
-
-parser.set_defaults(data = [],
-                    tensor = [],
-                    color = [],
-)
-
-(options, filenames) = parser.parse_args()
-if filenames == []: filenames = [None]
-
-if not options.vtk:
-    parser.error('No VTK file specified.')
-
-for name in filenames:
-    damask.util.report(scriptName,name)
-  
-    table = damask.Table.from_ASCII(StringIO(''.join(sys.stdin.read())) if name is None else name)
-    vtk = damask.VTK.from_file(options.vtk)
-
-    for data in options.data+options.tensor:
-        vtk.add(table.get(data),data)
-    for color in options.color:
-        vtk.add((table.get(color)*255).astype(np.uint8),color)
-  
-    vtk.write(options.vtk)

processing/post/vtk_pointCloud.py

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import os
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from optparse import OptionParser
-
-import damask
-
-
-scriptName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]
-scriptID   = ' '.join([scriptName,damask.version])
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-#                                MAIN
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-parser = OptionParser(option_class=damask.extendableOption, usage='%prog options [ASCIItable(s)]', description = """
-Produce a VTK point cloud dataset based on coordinates given in an ASCIItable.
-
-""", version = scriptID)
-
-parser.add_option('-p',
-                  '--pos', '--position',
-                  dest = 'pos',
-                  type = 'string', metavar = 'string',
-                  help = 'label of coordinates [%default]')
-
-parser.set_defaults(pos = 'pos',
-                   )
-
-(options, filenames) = parser.parse_args()
-if filenames == []: filenames = [None]
-
-for name in filenames:
-    damask.util.report(scriptName,name)
-
-    table = damask.Table.from_ASCII(StringIO(''.join(sys.stdin.read())) if name is None else name)
-    v = damask.VTK.from_polyData(table.get(options.pos))
-
-    if name:
-        v.write(os.path.splitext(name)[0])
-    else:
-        sys.stdout.write(v.__repr__())

processing/post/vtk_rectilinearGrid.py

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import os
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from optparse import OptionParser
-
-import damask
-
-
-scriptName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]
-scriptID   = ' '.join([scriptName,damask.version])
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-#                                MAIN
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-parser = OptionParser(option_class=damask.extendableOption, usage='%prog options [ASCIItable(s)]', description = """
-Create regular voxel grid from points in an ASCIItable.
-
-""", version = scriptID)
-
-parser.add_option('-m',
-                  '--mode',
-                  dest = 'mode',
-                  metavar='string',
-                  type = 'choice', choices = ['cell','point'],
-                  help = 'cell-centered or point-centered coordinates')
-parser.add_option('-p',
-                  '--pos', '--position',
-                  dest = 'pos',
-                  type = 'string', metavar = 'string',
-                  help = 'label of coordinates [%default]')
-
-parser.set_defaults(mode   = 'cell',
-                    pos    = 'pos',
-                   )
-
-(options, filenames) = parser.parse_args()
-if filenames == []: filenames = [None]
-
-for name in filenames:
-    damask.util.report(scriptName,name)
-
-    table = damask.Table.from_ASCII(StringIO(''.join(sys.stdin.read())) if name is None else name)
-
-    if   options.mode == 'cell':
-        grid, size, origin = damask.grid_filters.cell_coord0_gridSizeOrigin(table.get(options.pos))
-    elif options.mode == 'point':
-        grid, size, origin = damask.grid_filters.node_coord0_gridSizeOrigin(table.get(options.pos))
-
-    v = damask.VTK.from_rectilinearGrid(grid,size,origin)
-
-    if name:
-        v.write('{}_{}({})'.format(os.path.splitext(name)[0],options.pos,options.mode))
-    else:
-        sys.stdout.write(v.__repr__())

python/damask/_asciitable.py

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class ASCIItable():
   def head_write(self,
                  header = True):
     """Write current header information (info + labels)."""
-    head = ['{}\theader'.format(len(self.info)+self.__IO__['labeled'])] if header else []
+    head = [f"{len(self.info)+self.__IO__['labeled']}\theader"] if header else []
     head.append(self.info)
     if self.__IO__['labeled']:
       head.append('\t'.join(map(self._quote,self.tags)))
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class ASCIItable():
           labelList.append(tags[id])
         else:
           label = tags[id][2:]                                                                    # get label
-          while id < len(tags) and tags[id] == '{}_{}'.format(dim,label):                         # check successors
+          while id < len(tags) and tags[id] == f'{dim}_{label}':                                  # check successors
             id  += 1                                                                              # next label...
             dim += 1                                                                              # ...should be one higher dimension
           labelList.append(label)                                                                 # reached end --> store

python/damask/_colormaps.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import numpy as np
+from . import util
 
 class Color:
     """Color representation in and conversion between different color-spaces."""
@@ -502,7 +503,7 @@ class Colormap:
         [RGB] colormap for use in paraview or gmsh, or as raw string, or array.
 
         Arguments: name, format, steps, crop.
-        Format is one of (paraview, gmsh, raw, list).
+        Format is one of (paraview, gmsh, gom, raw, list).
         Crop selects a (sub)range in [-1.0,1.0].
         Generates sequential map if one limiting color is either white or black,
         diverging map otherwise.
@@ -511,23 +512,22 @@ class Colormap:
         frac = 0.5*(np.array(crop) + 1.0)                                                               # rescale crop range to fractions
         colors = [self.color(float(i)/(steps-1)*(frac[1]-frac[0])+frac[0]).express_as(model).color for i in range(steps)]
         if   format == 'paraview':
-            colormap = ['[\n {{\n  "ColorSpace": "RGB", "Name": "{}", "DefaultMap": true,\n  "RGBPoints" : ['.format(name)] \
-                     + ['    {:4d},{:8.6f},{:8.6f},{:8.6f},'.format(i,color[0],color[1],color[2],) \
-                                                                              for i,color in enumerate(colors[:-1])] \
-                     + ['    {:4d},{:8.6f},{:8.6f},{:8.6f} '.format(len(colors),colors[-1][0],colors[-1][1],colors[-1][2],)] \
+            colormap = [f'[\n {{\n  "ColorSpace": "RGB", "Name": "{name}", "DefaultMap": true,\n  "RGBPoints" : ['] \
+                     + [f'    {i:4d},{color[0]:8.6f},{color[1]:8.6f},{color[2]:8.6f}{"," if i+1<len(colors) else ""}' \
+                        for i,color in enumerate(colors)] \
                      + ['   ]\n }\n]']
 
         elif format == 'gmsh':
             colormap = ['View.ColorTable = {'] \
-                     + [',\n'.join(['{%s}'%(','.join([str(x*255.0) for x in color])) for color in colors])] \
+                     + [',\n'.join([','.join([str(x*255.0) for x in color]) for color in colors])] \
                      + ['}']
 
         elif format == 'gom':
-            colormap = ['1 1 ' + str(name)
-                       + ' 9 ' + str(name)
-                       + ' 0 1 0 3 0 0 -1 9 \\ 0 0 0 255 255 255 0 0 255 '
-                       + '30 NO_UNIT 1 1 64 64 64 255 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 ' + str(len(colors))
-                       + ' '.join([' 0 %s 255 1'%(' '.join([str(int(x*255.0)) for x in color])) for color in reversed(colors)])]
+            colormap = [ f'1 1 {name}'
+                       + f' 9 {name}'
+                       +  ' 0 1 0 3 0 0 -1 9 \\ 0 0 0 255 255 255 0 0 255 '
+                       + f'30 NO_UNIT 1 1 64 64 64 255 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 {len(colors)}'
+                       +  ' '.join([f' 0 {util.srepr((255*np.array(c)).astype(int)," ")} 255 1' for c in reversed(colors)])]
 
         elif format == 'raw':
             colormap = ['\t'.join(map(str,color)) for color in colors]

python/damask/_geom.py

@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ class Geom:
     def __repr__(self):
         """Basic information on geometry definition."""
         return util.srepr([
-               'grid     a b c:      {}'.format(' x '.join(map(str,self.get_grid  ()))),
-               'size     x y z:      {}'.format(' x '.join(map(str,self.get_size  ()))),
-               'origin   x y z:      {}'.format('   '.join(map(str,self.get_origin()))),
-               'homogenization:      {}'.format(self.get_homogenization()),
-               '# microstructures:   {}'.format(len(np.unique(self.microstructure))),
-               'max microstructure:  {}'.format(np.nanmax(self.microstructure)),
+               f'grid     a b c:      {util.srepr(self.get_grid  ()," x ")}',
+               f'size     x y z:      {util.srepr(self.get_size  ()," x ")}',
+               f'origin   x y z:      {util.srepr(self.get_origin(),"   ")}',
+               f'homogenization:      {self.get_homogenization()}',
+               f'# microstructures:   {self.N_microstructure}',
+               f'max microstructure:  {np.nanmax(self.microstructure)}',
               ])
 
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Geom:
         grid_old    = self.get_grid()
         size_old    = self.get_size()
         origin_old  = self.get_origin()
-        unique_old  = len(np.unique(self.microstructure))
+        unique_old  = self.N_microstructure
         max_old     = np.nanmax(self.microstructure)
 
         if size is not None and rescale:
@@ -85,32 +85,32 @@ class Geom:
         elif rescale:
             self.set_size(self.get_grid()/grid_old*self.size)
 
-        message = ['grid     a b c:      {}'.format(' x '.join(map(str,grid_old)))]
+        message = [f'grid     a b c:      {util.srepr(grid_old," x ")}']
         if np.any(grid_old != self.get_grid()):
             message[-1] = util.delete(message[-1])
-            message.append(util.emph('grid     a b c:      {}'.format(' x '.join(map(str,self.get_grid())))))
+            message.append(util.emph(f'grid     a b c:      {util.srepr(self.get_grid()," x ")}'))
 
-        message.append('size     x y z:      {}'.format(' x '.join(map(str,size_old))))
+        message.append(f'size     x y z:      {util.srepr(size_old," x ")}')
         if np.any(size_old != self.get_size()):
             message[-1] = util.delete(message[-1])
-            message.append(util.emph('size     x y z:      {}'.format(' x '.join(map(str,self.get_size())))))
+            message.append(util.emph(f'size     x y z:      {util.srepr(self.get_size()," x ")}'))
 
-        message.append('origin   x y z:      {}'.format('   '.join(map(str,origin_old))))
+        message.append(f'origin   x y z:      {util.srepr(origin_old,"   ")}')
         if np.any(origin_old != self.get_origin()):
             message[-1] = util.delete(message[-1])
-            message.append(util.emph('origin   x y z:      {}'.format('   '.join(map(str,self.get_origin())))))
+            message.append(util.emph(f'origin   x y z:      {util.srepr(self.get_origin(),"   ")}'))
 
-        message.append('homogenization:      {}'.format(self.get_homogenization()))
+        message.append(f'homogenization:      {self.get_homogenization()}')
 
-        message.append('# microstructures:   {}'.format(unique_old))
-        if unique_old != len(np.unique(self.microstructure)):
+        message.append(f'# microstructures:   {unique_old}')
+        if unique_old != self.N_microstructure:
             message[-1] = util.delete(message[-1])
-            message.append(util.emph('# microstructures:   {}'.format(len(np.unique(self.microstructure)))))
+            message.append(util.emph(f'# microstructures:   {self.N_microstructure}'))
 
-        message.append('max microstructure:  {}'.format(max_old))
+        message.append(f'max microstructure:  {max_old}')
         if max_old != np.nanmax(self.microstructure):
             message[-1] = util.delete(message[-1])
-            message.append(util.emph('max microstructure:  {}'.format(np.nanmax(self.microstructure))))
+            message.append(util.emph(f'max microstructure:  {np.nanmax(self.microstructure)}'))
 
         return util.return_message(message)
 
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ class Geom:
         """
         if microstructure is not None:
             if len(microstructure.shape) != 3:
-                raise ValueError('Invalid microstructure shape {}'.format(microstructure.shape))
+                raise ValueError(f'Invalid microstructure shape {microstructure.shape}')
             elif microstructure.dtype not in np.sctypes['float'] + np.sctypes['int']:
-                raise TypeError('Invalid data type {} for microstructure'.format(microstructure.dtype))
+                raise TypeError(f'Invalid microstructue data type {microstructure.dtype}')
             else:
                 self.microstructure = np.copy(microstructure)
 
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ class Geom:
             grid = np.asarray(self.microstructure.shape)
             self.size = grid/np.max(grid)
         else:
-            if len(size) != 3 or any(np.array(size)<=0):
-                raise ValueError('Invalid size {}'.format(size))
+            if len(size) != 3 or any(np.array(size) <= 0):
+                raise ValueError(f'Invalid size {size}')
             else:
                 self.size = np.array(size)
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class Geom:
         """
         if origin is not None:
             if len(origin) != 3:
-                raise ValueError('Invalid origin {}'.format(origin))
+                raise ValueError(f'Invalid origin {origin}')
             else:
                 self.origin = np.array(origin)
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class Geom:
         """
         if homogenization is not None:
             if not isinstance(homogenization,int) or homogenization < 1:
-                raise TypeError('Invalid homogenization {}'.format(homogenization))
+                raise TypeError(f'Invalid homogenization {homogenization}')
             else:
                 self.homogenization = homogenization
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class Geom:
 
     @property
     def N_microstructure(self):
-        return len(np.unique(self.microstructure))
+        return np.unique(self.microstructure).size
 
 
     def get_microstructure(self):
@@ -257,11 +257,11 @@ class Geom:
 
     def get_header(self):
         """Return the full header (grid, size, origin, homogenization, comments)."""
-        header =  ['{} header'.format(len(self.comments)+4)] + self.comments
+        header =  [f'{len(self.comments)+4} header'] + self.comments
         header.append('grid   a {} b {} c {}'.format(*self.get_grid()))
         header.append('size   x {} y {} z {}'.format(*self.get_size()))
         header.append('origin x {} y {} z {}'.format(*self.get_origin()))
-        header.append('homogenization {}'.format(self.get_homogenization()))
+        header.append(f'homogenization {self.get_homogenization()}')
         return header
 
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class Geom:
             i += len(items)
 
         if i != grid.prod():
-            raise TypeError('Invalid file: expected {} entries, found {}'.format(grid.prod(),i))
+            raise TypeError(f'Invalid file: expected {grid.prod()} entries, found {i}')
 
         if not np.any(np.mod(microstructure,1) != 0.0):                                             # no float present
             microstructure = microstructure.astype('int')
@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ class Geom:
     @staticmethod
     def _find_closest_seed(seeds, weights, point):
         return np.argmin(np.sum((np.broadcast_to(point,(len(seeds),3))-seeds)**2,axis=1) - weights)
+
     @staticmethod
     def from_Laguerre_tessellation(grid,size,seeds,weights,periodic=True):
         """
@@ -373,7 +374,7 @@ class Geom:
         else:
             microstructure = microstructure.reshape(grid)
 
-        #comments = 'geom.py:from_Laguerre_tessellation v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: comments = 'geom.py:from_Laguerre_tessellation v{}'.format(version)
         return Geom(microstructure+1,size,homogenization=1)
 
 
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ class Geom:
         KDTree = spatial.cKDTree(seeds,boxsize=size) if periodic else spatial.cKDTree(seeds)
         devNull,microstructure = KDTree.query(coords)
 
-        #comments = 'geom.py:from_Voronoi_tessellation v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: comments = 'geom.py:from_Voronoi_tessellation v{}'.format(version)
         return Geom(microstructure.reshape(grid)+1,size,homogenization=1)
 
 
@@ -418,7 +419,7 @@ class Geom:
         grid   = self.get_grid()
 
         if pack is None:
-            plain = grid.prod()/np.unique(self.microstructure).size < 250
+            plain = grid.prod()/self.N_microstructure < 250
         else:
             plain = not pack
 
@@ -448,11 +449,11 @@ class Geom:
                     if   compressType is None:
                         f.write('\n'.join(self.get_header())+'\n')
                     elif compressType == '.':
-                        f.write('{}\n'.format(former))
+                        f.write(f'{former}\n')
                     elif compressType == 'to':
-                        f.write('{} to {}\n'.format(start,former))
+                        f.write(f'{start} to {former}\n')
                     elif compressType == 'of':
-                        f.write('{} of {}\n'.format(reps,former))
+                        f.write(f'{reps} of {former}\n')
 
                     compressType = '.'
                     start = current
@@ -461,11 +462,11 @@ class Geom:
                 former = current
 
             if compressType == '.':
-                f.write('{}\n'.format(former))
+                f.write(f'{former}\n')
             elif compressType == 'to':
-                f.write('{} to {}\n'.format(start,former))
+                f.write(f'{start} to {former}\n')
             elif compressType == 'of':
-                f.write('{} of {}\n'.format(reps,former))
+                f.write(f'{reps} of {former}\n')
 
 
     def to_vtk(self,fname=None):
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@ class Geom:
         if not all(isinstance(d, str) for d in directions):
             raise TypeError('Directions are not of type str.')
         elif not set(directions).issubset(valid):
-            raise ValueError('Invalid direction specified {}'.format(set(directions).difference(valid)))
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid direction {set(directions).difference(valid)} specified.')
 
         limits = [None,None] if reflect else [-2,0]
         ms = self.get_microstructure()
@@ -523,7 +524,7 @@ class Geom:
         if 'x' in directions:
             ms = np.concatenate([ms,ms[limits[0]:limits[1]:-1,:,:]],0)
 
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:mirror v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:mirror v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(ms,rescale=True)
 
 
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@ class Geom:
             number of grid points in x,y,z direction.
 
         """
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:scale v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:scale v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(
                            ndimage.interpolation.zoom(
                                                       self.microstructure,
@@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ class Geom:
             unique, inverse = np.unique(arr, return_inverse=True)
             return unique[np.argmax(np.bincount(inverse))]
 
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:clean v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:clean v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(ndimage.filters.generic_filter(
                                                           self.microstructure,
                                                           mostFrequent,
@@ -579,7 +580,7 @@ class Geom:
         for i, oldID in enumerate(np.unique(self.microstructure)):
             renumbered = np.where(self.microstructure == oldID, i+1, renumbered)
 
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:renumber v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:renumber v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(renumbered)
 
 
@@ -614,7 +615,7 @@ class Geom:
 
         origin = self.origin-(np.asarray(microstructure_in.shape)-self.grid)*.5 * self.size/self.grid
 
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:rotate v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:rotate v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(microstructure_in,origin=origin,rescale=True)
 
 
@@ -646,7 +647,7 @@ class Geom:
 
         canvas[l[0]:r[0],l[1]:r[1],l[2]:r[2]] = self.microstructure[L[0]:R[0],L[1]:R[1],L[2]:R[2]]
 
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:canvas v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:canvas v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(canvas,origin=self.origin+offset*self.size/self.grid,rescale=True)
 
 
@@ -666,5 +667,5 @@ class Geom:
         for from_ms,to_ms in zip(from_microstructure,to_microstructure):
             substituted[self.microstructure==from_ms] = to_ms
 
-        #self.add_comments('geom.py:substitute v{}'.format(version)
+        #ToDo: self.add_comments('geom.py:substitute v{}'.format(version)
         return self.update(substituted)

python/damask/_lattice.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Symmetry:
 
         """
         if symmetry is not None and symmetry.lower() not in Symmetry.lattices:
-            raise KeyError('Symmetry/crystal system "{}" is unknown'.format(symmetry))
+            raise KeyError(f'Symmetry/crystal system "{symmetry}" is unknown')
 
         self.lattice = symmetry.lower() if isinstance(symmetry,str) else symmetry
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Symmetry:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         """Readable string."""
-        return '{}'.format(self.lattice)
+        return f'{self.lattice}'
 
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class Lattice:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         """Report basic lattice information."""
-        return 'Bravais lattice {} ({} symmetry)'.format(self.lattice,self.symmetry)
+        return f'Bravais lattice {self.lattice} ({self.symmetry} symmetry)'
 
 
     # Kurdjomov--Sachs orientation relationship for fcc <-> bcc transformation
@@ -613,17 +613,17 @@ class Lattice:
         try:
             relationship = models[model]
         except KeyError :
-            raise KeyError('Orientation relationship "{}" is unknown'.format(model))
+            raise KeyError(f'Orientation relationship "{model}" is unknown')
 
         if self.lattice not in relationship['mapping']:
-            raise ValueError('Relationship "{}" not supported for lattice "{}"'.format(model,self.lattice))
+            raise ValueError(f'Relationship "{model}" not supported for lattice "{self.lattice}"')
 
         r = {'lattice':Lattice((set(relationship['mapping'])-{self.lattice}).pop()),                # target lattice
              'rotations':[] }
 
         myPlane_id    = relationship['mapping'][self.lattice]
         otherPlane_id = (myPlane_id+1)%2
-        myDir_id      = myPlane_id +2
+        myDir_id      = myPlane_id    +2
         otherDir_id   = otherPlane_id +2
 
         for miller in np.hstack((relationship['planes'],relationship['directions'])):

python/damask/_result.py

@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ class Result:
                 self.version_minor = f.attrs['DADF5-minor']
 
             if self.version_major != 0 or not 2 <= self.version_minor <= 6:
-                raise TypeError('Unsupported DADF5 version {}.{} '.format(self.version_major,
-                                                                          self.version_minor))
+                raise TypeError(f'Unsupported DADF5 version {self.version_major}.{self.version_minor}')
 
             self.structured = 'grid' in f['geometry'].attrs.keys()
 
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ class Result:
         self.pick('increments',all_selected_increments)
 
         in_between = '' if len(all_selected_increments) < 3 else \
-                     ''.join(['\n{}\n  ...\n'.format(inc) for inc in all_selected_increments[1:-2]])
+                     ''.join([f'\n{inc}\n  ...\n' for inc in all_selected_increments[1:-2]])
 
         return util.srepr(first + in_between + last)
 
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ class Result:
 
         if   what == 'increments':
             choice = [c if isinstance(c,str) and c.startswith('inc') else
-                      'inc{}'.format(c) for c in choice]
+                      f'inc{c}' for c in choice]
         elif what == 'times':
             what = 'increments'
             if choice == ['*']:
@@ -412,21 +411,19 @@ class Result:
         message = ''
         with h5py.File(self.fname,'r') as f:
             for i in self.iterate('increments'):
-                message += '\n{} ({}s)\n'.format(i,self.times[self.increments.index(i)])
+                message += f'\n{i} ({self.times[self.increments.index(i)]}s)\n'
                 for o,p in zip(['constituents','materialpoints'],['con_physics','mat_physics']):
                     for oo in self.iterate(o):
-                        message += '  {}\n'.format(oo)
+                        message += f'  {oo}\n'
                         for pp in self.iterate(p):
-                            message += '    {}\n'.format(pp)
+                            message += f'    {pp}\n'
                             group = '/'.join([i,o[:-1],oo,pp])                                      # o[:-1]: plural/singular issue
                             for d in f[group].keys():
                                 try:
                                     dataset = f['/'.join([group,d])]
+                                    unit  = f" / {dataset.attrs['Unit'].decode()}" if 'Unit' in dataset.attrs else ''
                                     description = dataset.attrs['Description'].decode()
-                                    if 'Unit' in dataset.attrs:
-                                        message += '      {} / ({}): {}\n'.format(d,dataset.attrs['Unit'].decode(),description)
-                                    else:
-                                        message += '      {}: {}\n'.format(d,description)
+                                    message += f'      {d}{unit}: {description}\n'
                                 except KeyError:
                                     pass
         return message
@@ -528,10 +525,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_absolute(x):
         return {
                 'data':  np.abs(x['data']),
-                'label': '|{}|'.format(x['label']),
+                'label': f'|{x["label"]}|',
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        x['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Absolute value of {} ({})'.format(x['label'],x['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Absolute value of {x['label']} ({x['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -552,14 +549,14 @@ class Result:
     def _add_calculation(**kwargs):
         formula = kwargs['formula']
         for d in re.findall(r'#(.*?)#',formula):
-            formula = formula.replace('#{}#'.format(d),"kwargs['{}']['data']".format(d))
+            formula = formula.replace(f'#{d}#',f"kwargs['{d}']['data']")
 
         return {
                 'data':  eval(formula),
                 'label': kwargs['label'],
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        kwargs['unit'],
-                          'Description': '{} (formula: {})'.format(kwargs['description'],kwargs['formula']),
+                          'Description': f"{kwargs['description']} (formula: {kwargs['formula']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -596,8 +593,9 @@ class Result:
                 'label': 'sigma',
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        P['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Cauchy stress calculated from {} ({}) and {} ({})'\
-                                         .format(P['label'],P['meta']['Description'],F['label'],F['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': "Cauchy stress calculated "
+                                         f"from {P['label']} ({P['meta']['Description']})"
+                                         f" and {F['label']} ({F['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                 }
@@ -620,10 +618,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_determinant(T):
         return {
                 'data':  np.linalg.det(T['data']),
-                'label': 'det({})'.format(T['label']),
+                'label': f"det({T['label']})",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        T['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Determinant of tensor {} ({})'.format(T['label'],T['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Determinant of tensor {T['label']} ({T['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                 }
@@ -644,10 +642,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_deviator(T):
         return {
                 'data':  mechanics.deviatoric_part(T['data']),
-                'label': 's_{}'.format(T['label']),
+                'label': f"s_{T['label']}",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        T['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Deviator of tensor {} ({})'.format(T['label'],T['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Deviator of tensor {T['label']} ({T['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -675,10 +673,10 @@ class Result:
 
         return {
                 'data': mechanics.eigenvalues(T_sym['data'])[:,p],
-                'label': 'lambda_{}({})'.format(eigenvalue,T_sym['label']),
+                'label': f"lambda_{eigenvalue}({T_sym['label']})",
                 'meta' : {
                           'Unit':         T_sym['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': '{} eigenvalue of {} ({})'.format(label,T_sym['label'],T_sym['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"{label} eigenvalue of {T_sym['label']} ({T_sym['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                          }
                 }
@@ -708,14 +706,14 @@ class Result:
         print('p',eigenvalue)
         return {
                 'data': mechanics.eigenvectors(T_sym['data'])[:,p],
-                'label': 'v_{}({})'.format(eigenvalue,T_sym['label']),
+                'label': f"v_{eigenvalue}({T_sym['label']})",
                 'meta' : {
                           'Unit':        '1',
-                          'Description': 'Eigenvector corresponding to {} eigenvalue of {} ({})'\
-                                         .format(label,T_sym['label'],T_sym['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Eigenvector corresponding to {label} eigenvalue"
+                                         f" of {T_sym['label']} ({T_sym['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                          }
-                }
+               }
     def add_eigenvector(self,T_sym,eigenvalue='max'):
         """
         Add eigenvector of symmetric tensor.
@@ -774,10 +772,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_maximum_shear(T_sym):
         return {
                 'data':  mechanics.maximum_shear(T_sym['data']),
-                'label': 'max_shear({})'.format(T_sym['label']),
+                'label': f"max_shear({T_sym['label']})",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        T_sym['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Maximum shear component of {} ({})'.format(T_sym['label'],T_sym['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Maximum shear component of {T_sym['label']} ({T_sym['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -800,11 +798,11 @@ class Result:
             'stress'
 
         return {
-                'data':  mechanics.Mises_strain(T_sym['data']) if t=='strain' else mechanics.Mises_stress(T_sym['data']),
-                'label': '{}_vM'.format(T_sym['label']),
+                'data':  (mechanics.Mises_strain if t=='strain' else mechanics.Mises_stress)(T_sym['data']),
+                'label': f"{T_sym['label']}_vM",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        T_sym['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Mises equivalent {} of {} ({})'.format(t,T_sym['label'],T_sym['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Mises equivalent {t} of {T_sym['label']} ({T_sym['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                 }
@@ -837,10 +835,10 @@ class Result:
 
         return {
                 'data':  np.linalg.norm(x['data'],ord=o,axis=axis,keepdims=True),
-                'label': '|{}|_{}'.format(x['label'],o),
+                'label': f"|{x['label']}|_{o}",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        x['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': '{}-norm of {} {} ({})'.format(o,t,x['label'],x['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"{o}-norm of {t} {x['label']} ({x['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -866,19 +864,20 @@ class Result:
                 'label': 'S',
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        P['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': '2. Piola-Kirchhoff stress calculated from {} ({}) and {} ({})'\
-                                         .format(P['label'],P['meta']['Description'],F['label'],F['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': "2. Piola-Kirchhoff stress calculated "
+                                         f"from {P['label']} ({P['meta']['Description']})"
+                                         f" and {F['label']} ({F['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                 }
     def add_PK2(self,P='P',F='F'):
         """
-        Add second Piola-Kirchhoff calculated from first Piola-Kirchhoff stress and deformation gradient.
+        Add second Piola-Kirchhoff stress calculated from first Piola-Kirchhoff stress and deformation gradient.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         P : str, optional
-            Label first  Piola-Kirchhoff stress dataset. Defaults to ‘P’.
+            Label of first Piola-Kirchhoff stress dataset. Defaults to ‘P’.
         F : str, optional
             Label of deformation gradient dataset. Defaults to ‘F’.
 
@@ -928,10 +927,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_rotational_part(F):
         return {
                 'data':  mechanics.rotational_part(F['data']),
-                'label': 'R({})'.format(F['label']),
+                'label': f"R({F['label']})",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        F['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Rotational part of {} ({})'.format(F['label'],F['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Rotational part of {F['label']} ({F['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -952,10 +951,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_spherical(T):
         return {
                 'data':  mechanics.spherical_part(T['data']),
-                'label': 'p_{}'.format(T['label']),
+                'label': f"p_{T['label']}",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        T['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Spherical component of tensor {} ({})'.format(T['label'],T['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Spherical component of tensor {T['label']} ({T['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -976,10 +975,10 @@ class Result:
     def _add_strain_tensor(F,t,m):
         return {
                 'data':  mechanics.strain_tensor(F['data'],t,m),
-                'label': 'epsilon_{}^{}({})'.format(t,m,F['label']),
+                'label': f"epsilon_{t}^{m}({F['label']})",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        F['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': 'Strain tensor of {} ({})'.format(F['label'],F['meta']['Description']),
+                          'Description': f"Strain tensor of {F['label']} ({F['meta']['Description']})",
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
                  }
@@ -1006,11 +1005,11 @@ class Result:
     @staticmethod
     def _add_stretch_tensor(F,t):
         return {
-                'data':  mechanics.left_stretch(F['data']) if t == 'V' else mechanics.right_stretch(F['data']),
-                'label': '{}({})'.format(t,F['label']),
+                'data':  (mechanics.left_stretch if t.upper() == 'V' else mechanics.right_stretch)(F['data']),
+                'label': f"{t}({F['label']})",
                 'meta':  {
                           'Unit':        F['meta']['Unit'],
-                          'Description': '{} stretch tensor of {} ({})'.format('Left' if t == 'V' else 'Right',
+                          'Description': '{} stretch tensor of {} ({})'.format('Left' if t.upper() == 'V' else 'Right',
                                                                                F['label'],F['meta']['Description']),
                           'Creator':     inspect.stack()[0][3][1:]
                           }
@@ -1046,7 +1045,7 @@ class Result:
             r = func(**datasets_in,**args)
             return [group,r]
         except Exception as err:
-            print('Error during calculation: {}.'.format(err))
+            print(f'Error during calculation: {err}.')
             return None
 
 
@@ -1091,11 +1090,11 @@ class Result:
 
                     for l,v in result[1]['meta'].items():
                         dataset.attrs[l]=v.encode()
-                    creator = 'damask.Result.{} v{}'.format(dataset.attrs['Creator'].decode(),version)
+                    creator = f"damask.Result.{dataset.attrs['Creator'].decode()} v{version}"
                     dataset.attrs['Creator'] = creator.encode()
 
                 except (OSError,RuntimeError) as err:
-                    print('Could not add dataset: {}.'.format(err))
+                    print(f'Could not add dataset: {err}.')
             lock.release()
 
         pool.close()
@@ -1128,7 +1127,7 @@ class Result:
         time_data = ET.SubElement(time, 'DataItem')
         time_data.attrib={'Format':     'XML',
                           'NumberType': 'Float',
-                          'Dimensions': '{}'.format(len(self.times))}
+                          'Dimensions': f'{len(self.times)}'}
         time_data.text = ' '.join(map(str,self.times))
 
         attributes = []
@@ -1169,7 +1168,7 @@ class Result:
                 data_items[-1].attrib={'Format':     'HDF',
                                        'Precision':  '8',
                                        'Dimensions': '{} {} {} 3'.format(*(self.grid+1))}
-                data_items[-1].text='{}:/{}/geometry/u_n'.format(os.path.split(self.fname)[1],inc)
+                data_items[-1].text=f'{os.path.split(self.fname)[1]}:/{inc}/geometry/u_n'
 
                 for o,p in zip(['constituents','materialpoints'],['con_physics','mat_physics']):
                     for oo in getattr(self,o):
@@ -1184,15 +1183,15 @@ class Result:
                                 if (shape not in [(1,), (3,), (3,3)]) or dtype != np.float64: continue
 
                                 attributes.append(ET.SubElement(grid, 'Attribute'))
-                                attributes[-1].attrib={'Name':          '{}'.format(name.split('/',2)[2]),
+                                attributes[-1].attrib={'Name':          name.split('/',2)[2],
                                                        'Center':        'Cell',
                                                        'AttributeType': 'Tensor'}
                                 data_items.append(ET.SubElement(attributes[-1], 'DataItem'))
                                 data_items[-1].attrib={'Format':     'HDF',
                                                        'NumberType': 'Float',
-                                                       'Precision':  '{}'.format(prec),
+                                                       'Precision':  f'{prec}',
                                                        'Dimensions': '{} {} {} {}'.format(*self.grid,np.prod(shape))}
-                                data_items[-1].text='{}:{}'.format(os.path.split(self.fname)[1],name)
+                                data_items[-1].text=f'{os.path.split(self.fname)[1]}:{name}'
 
         with open(self.fname.with_suffix('.xdmf').name,'w') as f:
             f.write(xml.dom.minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(xdmf).decode()).toprettyxml())
@@ -1270,4 +1269,4 @@ class Result:
             u = self.read_dataset(self.get_dataset_location('u_n' if mode.lower() == 'cell' else 'u_p'))
             v.add(u,'u')
 
-            v.write('{}_inc{}'.format(self.fname.stem,inc[3:].zfill(N_digits)))
+            v.write(f'{self.fname.stem}_inc{inc[3:].zfill(N_digits)}')

python/damask/_rotation.py

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class Rotation:
             else:
                 raise ValueError('Can only rotate vectors, 2nd order tensors, and 4th order tensors')
         else:
-            raise TypeError('Cannot rotate {}'.format(type(other)))
+            raise TypeError(f'Cannot rotate {type(other)}')
 
 
     def _standardize(self):

python/damask/_table.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import pandas as pd
 import numpy as np
 
 from . import version
+from . import util
 
 class Table:
     """Store spreadsheet-like data."""
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ class Table:
         """
         self.comments = [] if comments is None else [c for c in comments]
         self.data = pd.DataFrame(data=data)
-        self.shapes = shapes
+        self.shapes = { k:(v,) if isinstance(v,(np.int,int)) else v for k,v in shapes.items() }
         self._label_condensed()
 
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class Table:
         labels = []
         for label,shape in self.shapes.items():
             size = int(np.prod(shape))
-            labels += ['{}{}'.format('' if size == 1 else '{}_'.format(i+1),label) for i in range(size)]
+            labels += [('' if size == 1 else f'{i+1}_')+label for i in range(size)]
         self.data.columns = labels
 
 
@@ -47,8 +48,7 @@ class Table:
 
     def _add_comment(self,label,shape,info):
         if info is not None:
-            c = '{}{}: {}'.format(label,' '+str(shape) if np.prod(shape,dtype=int) > 1 else '',info)
-            self.comments.append(c)
+            self.comments.append(f'{label}{" "+str(shape) if np.prod(shape,dtype=int) > 1 else ""}: {info}')
 
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -126,8 +126,6 @@ class Table:
             Filename or file for reading.
 
         """
-        shapes = {'eu':(3,), 'pos':(2,),
-                  'IQ':(1,), 'CI':(1,), 'ID':(1,), 'intensity':(1,), 'fit':(1,)}
         try:
             f = open(fname)
         except TypeError:
@@ -136,7 +134,7 @@ class Table:
 
         content = f.readlines()
 
-        comments = ['table.py:from_ang v {}'.format(version)]
+        comments = [f'table.py:from_ang v{version}']
         for line in content:
             if line.startswith('#'):
                 comments.append(line.strip())
@@ -144,8 +142,11 @@ class Table:
                 break
 
         data = np.loadtxt(content)
-        for c in range(data.shape[1]-10):
-            shapes['n/a_{}'.format(c+1)] = (1,)
+
+        shapes = {'eu':3, 'pos':2, 'IQ':1, 'CI':1, 'ID':1, 'intensity':1, 'fit':1}
+        remainder = data.shape[1]-sum(shapes.values())
+        if remainder > 0:                                                       # 3.8 can do: if (remainder := data.shape[1]-sum(shapes.values())) > 0
+            shapes['unknown'] = remainder
 
         return Table(data,shapes,comments)
 
@@ -234,7 +235,6 @@ class Table:
 
         """
         self.data.drop(columns=label,inplace=True)
-
         del self.shapes[label]
 
 
@@ -251,8 +251,7 @@ class Table:
 
         """
         self.data.rename(columns={label_old:label_new},inplace=True)
-        c = '{} => {}{}'.format(label_old,label_new,'' if info is None else ': {}'.format(info))
-        self.comments.append(c)
+        self.comments.append(f'{label_old} => {label_new}'+('' if info is None else f': {info}'))
         self.shapes = {(label if label != label_old else label_new):self.shapes[label] for label in self.shapes}
 
 
@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ class Table:
         self._label_flat()
         self.data.sort_values(labels,axis=0,inplace=True,ascending=ascending)
         self._label_condensed()
-        self.comments.append('sorted by [{}]'.format(', '.join(labels)))
+        self.comments.append(f'sorted by [{", ".join(labels)}]')
 
 
     def append(self,other):
@@ -328,18 +327,18 @@ class Table:
         labels = []
         for l in [x for x in self.data.columns if not (x in seen or seen.add(x))]:
             if self.shapes[l] == (1,):
-                labels.append('{}'.format(l))
+                labels.append(f'{l}')
             elif len(self.shapes[l]) == 1:
-                labels += ['{}_{}'.format(i+1,l) \
+                labels += [f'{i+1}_{l}' \
                           for i in range(self.shapes[l][0])]
             else:
-                labels += ['{}:{}_{}'.format('x'.join([str(d) for d in self.shapes[l]]),i+1,l) \
+                labels += [f'{util.srepr(self.shapes[l],"x")}:{i+1}_{l}' \
                           for i in range(np.prod(self.shapes[l]))]
 
         if new_style:
-            header = ['# {}'.format(comment) for comment in self.comments]
+            header = [f'# {comment}' for comment in self.comments]
         else:
-            header = ['{} header'.format(len(self.comments)+1)] \
+            header = [f'{len(self.comments)+1} header'] \
                    + self.comments \
 
         try:

python/damask/_test.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class Test:
     self.dirBase = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(sys.modules[self.__class__.__module__].__file__))
 
     self.parser = OptionParser(option_class=damask.extendableOption,
-                               description = '{} (Test class version: {})'.format(self.description,damask.version),
+                               description = f'{self.description} (Test class version: {damask.version})',
                                usage = './test.py [options]')
     self.parser.add_option("-k", "--keep",
                            action = "store_true",
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Test:
     for variant,object in enumerate(self.variants):
       name = self.variantName(variant)
       if self.options.show:
-        logging.critical('{}: {}'.format(variant+1,name))
+        logging.critical(f'{variant+1}: {name}')
       elif self.options.select is not None \
            and not (name in self.options.select or str(variant+1) in self.options.select):
         pass
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ class Test:
           self.postprocess(variant)
 
           if self.options.update:
-            if self.update(variant) != 0: logging.critical('update for "{}" failed.'.format(name))
+            if self.update(variant) != 0: logging.critical(f'update for "{name}" failed.')
           elif not (self.options.accept or self.compare(variant)):                                    # no update, do comparison
             return variant+1                                                                          # return culprit
 
         except Exception as e:
-          logging.critical('exception during variant execution: "{}"'.format(str(e)))
+          logging.critical(f'exception during variant execution: "{e}"')
           return variant+1                                                                            # return culprit
     return 0
 
@@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ class Test:
     try:
       shutil.rmtree(self.dirCurrent())
     except FileNotFoundError:
-      logging.warning('removal of directory "{}" not possible...'.format(self.dirCurrent()))
+      logging.warning(f'removal of directory "{self.dirCurrent()}" not possible...')
 
     try:
       os.mkdir(self.dirCurrent())
       return True
     except FileExistsError:
-      logging.critical('creation of directory "{}" failed.'.format(self.dirCurrent()))
+      logging.critical(f'creation of directory "{self.dirCurrent()}" failed.')
       return False
 
   def prepareAll(self):
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class Test:
       try:
         shutil.copy2(source,target)
       except FileNotFoundError:
-        logging.critical('error copying {} to {}'.format(source,target))
+        logging.critical(f'error copying {source} to {target}')
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class Test:
       try:
         shutil.copy2(self.fileInReference(f),self.fileInCurrent(targetfiles[i]))
       except FileNotFoundError:
-        logging.critical('Reference2Current: Unable to copy file "{}"'.format(f))
+        logging.critical(f'Reference2Current: Unable to copy file "{f}"')
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class Test:
         shutil.copy2(os.path.join(source,f),self.fileInCurrent(targetfiles[i]))
       except FileNotFoundError:
         logging.error(os.path.join(source,f))
-        logging.critical('Base2Current: Unable to copy file "{}"'.format(f))
+        logging.critical(f'Base2Current: Unable to copy file "{f}"')
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class Test:
       try:
         shutil.copy2(self.fileInCurrent(f),self.fileInReference(targetfiles[i]))
       except FileNotFoundError:
-        logging.critical('Current2Reference: Unable to copy file "{}"'.format(f))
+        logging.critical(f'Current2Reference: Unable to copy file "{f}"')
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class Test:
       try:
         shutil.copy2(self.fileInProof(f),self.fileInCurrent(targetfiles[i]))
       except FileNotFoundError:
-        logging.critical('Proof2Current: Unable to copy file "{}"'.format(f))
+        logging.critical(f'Proof2Current: Unable to copy file "{f}"')
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class Test:
       try:
         shutil.copy2(self.fileInReference(f),self.fileInCurrent(targetfiles[i]))
       except FileNotFoundError:
-        logging.critical('Current2Current: Unable to copy file "{}"'.format(f))
+        logging.critical(f'Current2Current: Unable to copy file "{f}"')
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
@@ -302,9 +302,7 @@ class Test:
       max_loc=np.argmax(abs(refArrayNonZero[curArray.nonzero()]/curArray[curArray.nonzero()]-1.))
       refArrayNonZero = refArrayNonZero[curArray.nonzero()]
       curArray = curArray[curArray.nonzero()]
-      print(' ********\n * maximum relative error {} between {} and {}\n ********'.format(max_err,
-                                                                                          refArrayNonZero[max_loc],
-                                                                                          curArray[max_loc]))
+      print(f' ********\n * maximum relative error {max_err} between {refArrayNonZero[max_loc]} and {curArray[max_loc]}\n ********')
       return max_err
     else:
        raise Exception('mismatch in array size to compare')
@@ -350,7 +348,7 @@ class Test:
 
       for i in range(dataLength):
         if headings0[i]['shape'] != headings1[i]['shape']:
-          raise Exception('shape mismatch between {} and {} '.format(headings0[i]['label'],headings1[i]['label']))
+          raise Exception(f"shape mismatch between {headings0[i]['label']} and {headings1[i]['label']}")
         shape[i] = headings0[i]['shape']
         for j in range(np.shape(shape[i])[0]):
           length[i] *= shape[i][j]
@@ -358,9 +356,7 @@ class Test:
         for j in range(np.shape(normShape[i])[0]):
           normLength[i] *= normShape[i][j]
     else:
-      raise Exception('trying to compare {} with {} normed by {} data sets'.format(len(headings0),
-                                                                                   len(headings1),
-                                                                                   len(normHeadings)))
+      raise Exception(f'trying to compare {len(headings0)} with {len(headings1)} normed by {len(normHeadings)} data sets')
 
     table0 = damask.ASCIItable(name=file0,readonly=True)
     table0.head_read()
@@ -372,11 +368,11 @@ class Test:
       key1    = ('1_' if     length[i]>1 else '') +    headings1[i]['label']
       normKey = ('1_' if normLength[i]>1 else '') + normHeadings[i]['label']
       if key0 not in table0.labels(raw = True):
-        raise Exception('column "{}" not found in first table...\n'.format(key0))
+        raise Exception(f'column "{key0}" not found in first table...')
       elif key1 not in table1.labels(raw = True):
-        raise Exception('column "{}" not found in second table...\n'.format(key1))
+        raise Exception(f'column "{key1}" not found in second table...')
       elif normKey not in table0.labels(raw = True):
-        raise Exception('column "{}" not found in first table...\n'.format(normKey))
+        raise Exception(f'column "{normKey}" not found in first table...')
       else:
         column[0][i]  = table0.label_index(key0)
         column[1][i]  = table1.label_index(key1)
@@ -404,9 +400,9 @@ class Test:
         norm[i] = [1.0 for j in range(line0-len(skipLines))]
         absTol[i] = True
         if perLine:
-          logging.warning('At least one norm of "{}" in first table is 0.0, using absolute tolerance'.format(headings0[i]['label']))
+          logging.warning(f"At least one norm of \"{headings0[i]['label']}\" in first table is 0.0, using absolute tolerance")
         else:
-          logging.warning('Maximum norm of "{}" in first table is 0.0, using absolute tolerance'.format(headings0[i]['label']))
+          logging.warning(f"Maximum norm of \"{headings0[i]['label']}\" in first table is 0.0, using absolute tolerance")
 
     line1 = 0
     while table1.data_read():                                                  # read next data line of ASCII table
@@ -418,18 +414,14 @@ class Test:
                                                                                    norm[i][line1-len(skipLines)])
       line1 +=1
 
-    if (line0 != line1): raise Exception('found {} lines in first table but {} in second table'.format(line0,line1))
+    if (line0 != line1): raise Exception(f'found {line0} lines in first table but {line1} in second table')
 
     logging.info(' ********')
     for i in range(dataLength):
       if absTol[i]:
-        logging.info(' * maximum absolute error {} between {} and {}'.format(maxError[i],
-                                                                             headings0[i]['label'],
-                                                                             headings1[i]['label']))
+        logging.info(f" * maximum absolute error {maxError[i]} between {headings0[i]['label']} and {headings1[i]['label']}")
       else:
-        logging.info(' * maximum relative error {} between {} and {}'.format(maxError[i],
-                                                                             headings0[i]['label'],
-                                                                             headings1[i]['label']))
+        logging.info(f" * maximum relative error {maxError[i]} between {headings0[i]['label']} and {headings1[i]['label']}")
     logging.info(' ********')
     return maxError
 
@@ -480,8 +472,8 @@ class Test:
       normedDelta = np.where(normBy>preFilter,delta/normBy,0.0)
       mean = np.amax(np.abs(np.mean(normedDelta,0)))
       std = np.amax(np.std(normedDelta,0))
-      logging.info('mean: {:f}'.format(mean))
-      logging.info('std:  {:f}'.format(std))
+      logging.info(f'mean: {mean:f}')
+      logging.info(f'std:  {std:f}')
 
     return (mean<meanTol) & (std < stdTol)
 
@@ -521,7 +513,7 @@ class Test:
 
     for i,(table,labels) in enumerate(zip(tables,columns)):
       if np.any(dimensions != [np.prod(table.shapes[c]) for c in labels]):     # check data object consistency
-        logging.critical('Table {} differs in data layout.'.format(files[i]))
+        logging.critical(f'Table {files[i]} differs in data layout.')
         return False
       data.append(np.hstack(list(table.get(label) for label in labels)).astype(np.float))           # store
 
@@ -537,19 +529,19 @@ class Test:
 
     for i in range(len(data)):
       data[i] /= maximum                                                       # normalize each table
-      logging.info('shape of data {}: {}'.format(i,data[i].shape))
+      logging.info(f'shape of data {i}: {data[i].shape}')
 
     if debug:
       violators = np.absolute(data[0]-data[1]) > atol + rtol*np.absolute(data[1])
-      logging.info('shape of violators: {}'.format(violators.shape))
+      logging.info(f'shape of violators: {violators.shape}')
       for j,culprits in enumerate(violators):
         goodguys = np.logical_not(culprits)
         if culprits.any():
-          logging.info('{} has {}'.format(j,np.sum(culprits)))
-          logging.info('deviation: {}'.format(np.absolute(data[0][j]-data[1][j])[culprits]))
-          logging.info('data     : {}'.format(np.absolute(data[1][j])[culprits]))
-          logging.info('deviation: {}'.format(np.absolute(data[0][j]-data[1][j])[goodguys]))
-          logging.info('data     : {}'.format(np.absolute(data[1][j])[goodguys]))
+          logging.info(f'{j} has {np.sum(culprits)}')
+          logging.info(f'deviation: {np.absolute(data[0][j]-data[1][j])[culprits]}')
+          logging.info(f'data     : {np.absolute(data[1][j])[culprits]}')
+          logging.info(f'deviation: {np.absolute(data[0][j]-data[1][j])[goodguys]}')
+          logging.info(f'data     : {np.absolute(data[1][j])[goodguys]}')
 
     allclose = True                                                            # start optimistic
     for i in range(1,len(data)):
@@ -588,12 +580,12 @@ class Test:
 
     if culprit == 0:
       count = len(self.variants) if self.options.select is None else len(self.options.select)
-      msg = 'Test passed.' if count == 1 else 'All {} tests passed.'.format(count)
+      msg = 'Test passed.' if count == 1 else f'All {count} tests passed.'
     elif culprit == -1:
       msg = 'Warning: could not start test...'
       ret = 0
     else:
-      msg = 'Test "{}" failed.'.format(self.variantName(culprit-1))
+      msg = f'Test "{self.variantName(culprit-1)}" failed.'
 
     logging.critical('\n'.join(['*'*40,msg,'*'*40]) + '\n')
     return ret

python/damask/_vtk.py

@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ class VTK:
         """
         geom = vtk.vtkRectilinearGrid()
         geom.SetDimensions(*(grid+1))
-        geom.SetXCoordinates(np_to_vtk(np.linspace(origin[0],origin[0]+size[0],grid[0]+1),deep=True))
-        geom.SetYCoordinates(np_to_vtk(np.linspace(origin[1],origin[1]+size[1],grid[1]+1),deep=True))
-        geom.SetZCoordinates(np_to_vtk(np.linspace(origin[2],origin[2]+size[2],grid[2]+1),deep=True))
+        coord = [np_to_vtk(np.linspace(origin[i],origin[i]+size[i],grid[i]+1),deep=True) for i in [0,1,2]]
+        [coord[i].SetName(n) for i,n in enumerate(['x','y','z'])]
+        geom.SetXCoordinates(coord[0])
+        geom.SetYCoordinates(coord[1])
+        geom.SetZCoordinates(coord[2])
 
         return VTK(geom)
 
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ class VTK:
 
         geom = vtk.vtkUnstructuredGrid()
         geom.SetPoints(vtk_nodes)
-        geom.SetCells(eval('vtk.VTK_{}'.format(cell_type.split('_',1)[-1].upper())),cells)
+        geom.SetCells(eval(f'vtk.VTK_{cell_type.split("_",1)[-1].upper()}'),cells)
 
         return VTK(geom)
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ class VTK:
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        fname : str
+        fname : str or pathlib.Path
             Filename for reading. Valid extensions are .vtr, .vtu, .vtp, and .vtk.
         dataset_type : str, optional
             Name of the vtk.vtkDataSet subclass when opening an .vtk file. Valid types are vtkRectilinearGrid,
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ class VTK:
         ext = Path(fname).suffix
         if ext == '.vtk' or dataset_type:
             reader = vtk.vtkGenericDataObjectReader()
-            reader.SetFileName(fname)
+            reader.SetFileName(str(fname))
             reader.Update()
             if dataset_type is None:
                 raise TypeError('Dataset type for *.vtk file not given.')
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ class VTK:
             elif dataset_type.lower().endswith('polydata'):
                 geom = reader.GetPolyDataOutput()
             else:
-                raise TypeError('Unknown dataset type for vtk file {}'.format(dataset_type))
+                raise TypeError(f'Unknown dataset type {dataset_type} for vtk file')
         else:
             if   ext == '.vtr':
                 reader = vtk.vtkXMLRectilinearGridReader()
@@ -149,9 +151,9 @@ class VTK:
             elif ext == '.vtp':
                 reader = vtk.vtkXMLPolyDataReader()
             else:
-                raise TypeError('Unknown file extension {}'.format(ext))
+                raise TypeError(f'Unknown file extension {ext}')
 
-            reader.SetFileName(fname)
+            reader.SetFileName(str(fname))
             reader.Update()
             geom = reader.GetOutput()
 
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ class VTK:
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        fname : str
+        fname : str or pathlib.Path
             Filename for writing.
 
         """
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ class VTK:
         default_ext = writer.GetDefaultFileExtension()
         ext = Path(fname).suffix
         if ext and ext != '.'+default_ext:
-            raise ValueError('Given extension {} does not match default .{}'.format(ext,default_ext))
+            raise ValueError(f'Given extension {ext} does not match default .{default_ext}')
         writer.SetFileName(str(Path(fname).with_suffix('.'+default_ext)))
         writer.SetCompressorTypeToZLib()
         writer.SetDataModeToBinary()
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ class VTK:
     def __repr__(self):
         """ASCII representation of the VTK data."""
         writer = vtk.vtkDataSetWriter()
-        writer.SetHeader('# DAMASK.VTK v{}'.format(version))
+        writer.SetHeader(f'# DAMASK.VTK v{version}')
         writer.WriteToOutputStringOn()
         writer.SetInputData(self.geom)
         writer.Write()

python/damask/config/material.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import re
 import os
 
+from damask import util
 
 class Section():
   def __init__(self,data = {'__order__':[]},part = ''):
@@ -88,38 +89,38 @@ class Material():
   def __init__(self,verbose=True):
     """Generates ordered list of parts."""
     self.parts = [
-             'homogenization',
-             'crystallite',
-             'phase',
-             'texture',
-             'microstructure',
+            'homogenization',
+            'crystallite',
+            'phase',
+            'texture',
+            'microstructure',
             ]
-    self.data = {\
-              'homogenization': {'__order__': []},
-              'microstructure': {'__order__': []},
-              'crystallite':    {'__order__': []},
-              'phase':          {'__order__': []},
-              'texture':        {'__order__': []},
-           }
+    self.data = {
+            'homogenization': {'__order__': []},
+            'microstructure': {'__order__': []},
+            'crystallite':    {'__order__': []},
+            'phase':          {'__order__': []},
+            'texture':        {'__order__': []},
+            }
     self.verbose = verbose
 
   def __repr__(self):
     """Returns current data structure in material.config format."""
     me = []
     for part in self.parts:
-      if self.verbose: print('processing <{}>'.format(part))
+      if self.verbose: print(f'processing <{part}>')
       me += ['',
              '#'*100,
-             '<{}>'.format(part),
+             f'<{part}>',
              '#'*100,
             ]
       for section in self.data[part]['__order__']:
-        me += ['[{}] {}'.format(section,'#'+'-'*max(0,96-len(section)))]
+        me += [f'[{section}] {"#"+"-"*max(0,96-len(section))}']
         for key in self.data[part][section]['__order__']:
           if key.startswith('(') and key.endswith(')'):                       # multiple (key)
-            me += ['{}\t{}'.format(key,' '.join(values)) for values in self.data[part][section][key]]
+            me += [f'{key}\t{" ".join(values)}' for values in self.data[part][section][key]]
           else:                                                               # plain key
-            me += ['{}\t{}'.format(key,' '.join(map(str,self.data[part][section][key])))]
+            me += [f'{key}\t{util.srepr(self.data[part][section][key]," ")}']
     return '\n'.join(me) + '\n'
 
   def parse(self, part=None, sections=[], content=None):
@@ -185,9 +186,9 @@ class Material():
     outname = filename
     while os.path.exists(outname) and not overwrite:
      i += 1
-     outname = '{}_{}'.format(filename,i)
+     outname = f'{filename}_{i}'
 
-    if self.verbose: print('Writing material data to {}'.format(outname))
+    if self.verbose: print(f'Writing material data to {outname}')
     with open(outname,'w') as f:
       f.write(str(self))
     return outname
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ class Material():
     """Add Update."""
     part    = part.lower()
     section = section.lower()
-    if part not in self.parts: raise Exception('invalid part {}'.format(part))
+    if part not in self.parts: raise Exception(f'invalid part {part}')
 
     if not isinstance(initialData, dict):
       initialData = initialData.data()

python/damask/grid_filters.py

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def cell_coord0_gridSizeOrigin(coord0,ordered=True):
     origin[_np.where(grid==1)] = 0.0
 
     if grid.prod() != len(coord0):
-        raise ValueError('Data count {} does not match grid {}.'.format(len(coord0),grid))
+        raise ValueError('Data count {len(coord0)} does not match grid {grid}.')
 
     start = origin + delta*.5
     end   = origin - delta*.5 + size
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ def node_coord0_gridSizeOrigin(coord0,ordered=True):
     origin    = mincorner
 
     if (grid+1).prod() != len(coord0):
-        raise ValueError('Data count {} does not match grid {}.'.format(len(coord0),grid))
+        raise ValueError('Data count {len(coord0)} does not match grid {grid}.')
 
     atol = _np.max(size)*5e-2
     if not (_np.allclose(coords[0],_np.linspace(mincorner[0],maxcorner[0],grid[0]+1),atol=atol) and \

python/damask/solver/_marc.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class Marc:
     def library_path(self):
 
         path_MSC = Environment().options['MSC_ROOT']
-        path_lib = Path('{}/mentat{}/shlib/linux64'.format(path_MSC,self.version))
+        path_lib = Path(f'{path_MSC}/mentat{self.version}/shlib/linux64')
 
         return path_lib if path_lib.is_dir() else None
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class Marc:
     def tools_path(self):
 
         path_MSC   = Environment().options['MSC_ROOT']
-        path_tools = Path('{}/marc{}/tools'.format(path_MSC,self.version))
+        path_tools = Path(f'{path_MSC}/marc{self.version}/tools')
 
         return path_tools if path_tools.is_dir() else None
 
@@ -51,21 +51,21 @@ class Marc:
 
         env = Environment()
 
-        user = env.root_dir/Path('src/DAMASK_marc{}'.format(self.version)).with_suffix('.f90' if compile else '.marc')
-        if not user.is_file():
-            raise FileNotFoundError("DAMASK4Marc ({}) '{}' not found".format(('source' if compile else 'binary'),user))
+        usersub = env.root_dir/Path(f'src/DAMASK_marc{self.version}').with_suffix('.f90' if compile else '.marc')
+        if not usersub.is_file():
+            raise FileNotFoundError("DAMASK4Marc ({}) '{}' not found".format(('source' if compile else 'binary'),usersub))
 
         # Define options [see Marc Installation and Operation Guide, pp 23]
-        script = 'run_damask_{}mp'.format(optimization)
+        script = f'run_damask_{optimization}mp'
 
         cmd = str(self.tools_path/Path(script)) + \
               ' -jid ' + model + '_' + job + \
               ' -nprocd 1  -autorst 0 -ci n  -cr n  -dcoup 0 -b no -v no'
 
-        if compile: cmd += ' -u ' + str(user) + ' -save y'
-        else:       cmd += ' -prog ' + str(user.with_suffix(''))
+        if compile: cmd += ' -u ' + str(usersub) + ' -save y'
+        else:       cmd += ' -prog ' + str(usersub.with_suffix(''))
 
-        print('job submission {} compilation: {}'.format('with' if compile else 'without',user))
+        print('job submission {} compilation: {}'.format(('with' if compile else 'without'),usersub))
         if logfile: log = open(logfile, 'w')
         print(cmd)
         process = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(cmd),stdout = log,stderr = subprocess.STDOUT)

python/damask/util.py

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def execute(cmd,
     stdout = stdout.decode('utf-8').replace('\x08','')
     stderr = stderr.decode('utf-8').replace('\x08','')
     if process.returncode != 0:
-        raise RuntimeError('{} failed with returncode {}'.format(cmd,process.returncode))
+        raise RuntimeError(f'{cmd} failed with returncode {process.returncode}')
     return stdout, stderr
 
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def show_progress(iterable,N_iter=None,prefix='',bar_length=50):
 
 def scale_to_coprime(v):
     """Scale vector to co-prime (relatively prime) integers."""
-    MAX_DENOMINATOR = 1000
+    MAX_DENOMINATOR = 1000000
 
     def get_square_denominator(x):
         """Denominator of the square of a number."""
@@ -166,10 +166,13 @@ def scale_to_coprime(v):
         """Least common multiple."""
         return a * b // np.gcd(a, b)
 
-    denominators = [int(get_square_denominator(i)) for i in v]
-    s = reduce(lcm, denominators) ** 0.5
-    m = (np.array(v)*s).astype(np.int)
-    return m//reduce(np.gcd,m)
+    m = (np.array(v) * reduce(lcm, map(lambda x: int(get_square_denominator(x)),v)) ** 0.5).astype(np.int)
+    m = m//reduce(np.gcd,m)
+
+    if not np.allclose(v[v.nonzero()]/m[v.nonzero()],v[v.nonzero()][0]/m[m.nonzero()][0]):
+        raise ValueError(f'Invalid result {m} for input {v}. Insufficient precision?')
+
+    return m
 
 
 ####################################################################################################
@@ -223,21 +226,20 @@ class _ProgressBar:
         self.start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
         self.last_fraction = 0.0
 
-        sys.stderr.write('{} {}   0% ETA n/a'.format(self.prefix, '░'*self.bar_length))
+        sys.stderr.write(f"{self.prefix} {'░'*self.bar_length}   0% ETA n/a")
         sys.stderr.flush()
 
     def update(self,iteration):
 
         fraction = (iteration+1) / self.total
+        filled_length = int(self.bar_length * fraction)
 
-        if int(self.bar_length * fraction) > int(self.bar_length *  self.last_fraction):
+        if filled_length > int(self.bar_length * self.last_fraction):
+            bar = '█' * filled_length + '░' * (self.bar_length - filled_length)
             delta_time = datetime.datetime.now() - self.start_time
             remaining_time = (self.total - (iteration+1)) * delta_time / (iteration+1)
             remaining_time -= datetime.timedelta(microseconds=remaining_time.microseconds)           # remove μs
-
-            filled_length = int(self.bar_length * fraction)
-            bar = '█' * filled_length + '░' * (self.bar_length - filled_length)
-            sys.stderr.write('\r{} {} {:>4.0%} ETA {}'.format(self.prefix, bar, fraction, remaining_time))
+            sys.stderr.write(f'\r{self.prefix} {bar} {fraction:>4.0%} ETA {remaining_time}')
             sys.stderr.flush()
 
         self.last_fraction = fraction
@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@ class _ProgressBar:
 
 class bcolors:
     """
-    ASCII Colors.
+    ASCII colors.
 
     https://svn.blender.org/svnroot/bf-blender/trunk/blender/build_files/scons/tools/bcolors.py
     https://stackoverflow.com/questions/287871

python/tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import os
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ def update(request):
 @pytest.fixture
 def reference_dir_base():
     """Directory containing reference results."""
-    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'reference')
+    return Path(__file__).parent/'reference'

python/tests/reference/VTK/polyData.vtp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<VTKFile type="PolyData" version="0.1" byte_order="LittleEndian" header_type="UInt32" compressor="vtkZLibDataCompressor">
+  <PolyData>
+    <Piece NumberOfPoints="10" NumberOfVerts="0" NumberOfLines="0" NumberOfStrips="0" NumberOfPolys="0">
+      <PointData>
+        <DataArray type="Float64" Name="coordinates" NumberOfComponents="3" format="binary" RangeMin="0.7453559924999299" RangeMax="2.449489742783178">
+          AQAAAACAAADwAAAAagAAAA==eF5jYMAGPuyXOV4IRHvsIfQZe8u+xxZ9j1/sh/Eh9B37IjDj4f5QMLhqD6Gf2odB+Pth6iD0G3sFiLn7ofqg+j/CxOH6IfRX+xCouRYQ+6H0D/sCqH6YuRD6D1wd1B9QmsEBxgcAJsNfhw==
+          <InformationKey name="L2_NORM_RANGE" location="vtkDataArray" length="2">
+            <Value index="0">
+              0.7453559925
+            </Value>
+            <Value index="1">
+              2.4494897428
+            </Value>
+          </InformationKey>
+        </DataArray>
+      </PointData>
+      <CellData>
+      </CellData>
+      <Points>
+        <DataArray type="Float64" Name="Points" NumberOfComponents="3" format="binary" RangeMin="0.7453559924999299" RangeMax="2.449489742783178">
+          AQAAAACAAADwAAAAagAAAA==eF5jYMAGPuyXOV4IRHvsIfQZe8u+xxZ9j1/sh/Eh9B37IjDj4f5QMLhqD6Gf2odB+Pth6iD0G3sFiLn7ofqg+j/CxOH6IfRX+xCouRYQ+6H0D/sCqH6YuRD6D1wd1B9QmsEBxgcAJsNfhw==
+          <InformationKey name="L2_NORM_RANGE" location="vtkDataArray" length="2">
+            <Value index="0">
+              0.7453559925
+            </Value>
+            <Value index="1">
+              2.4494897428
+            </Value>
+          </InformationKey>
+        </DataArray>
+      </Points>
+      <Verts>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="connectivity" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="offsets" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+      </Verts>
+      <Lines>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="connectivity" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="offsets" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+      </Lines>
+      <Strips>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="connectivity" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="offsets" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+      </Strips>
+      <Polys>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="connectivity" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+        <DataArray type="Int64" Name="offsets" format="binary" RangeMin="1e+299" RangeMax="-1e+299">
+          AAAAAACAAAAAAAAA
+        </DataArray>
+      </Polys>
+    </Piece>
+  </PolyData>
+</VTKFile>

python/tests/reference/VTK/rectilinearGrid.vtr

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<VTKFile type="RectilinearGrid" version="0.1" byte_order="LittleEndian" header_type="UInt32" compressor="vtkZLibDataCompressor">
+  <RectilinearGrid WholeExtent="0 5 0 6 0 7">
+  <Piece Extent="0 5 0 6 0 7">
+    <PointData>
+      <DataArray type="Float64" Name="node" NumberOfComponents="3" format="binary" RangeMin="0" RangeMax="1.268857754044952">
+        AQAAAACAAACAHwAAywMAAA==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
+        <InformationKey name="L2_NORM_RANGE" location="vtkDataArray" length="2">
+          <Value index="0">
+            0
+          </Value>
+          <Value index="1">
+            1.268857754
+          </Value>
+        </InformationKey>
+      </DataArray>
+    </PointData>
+    <CellData>
+      <DataArray type="Float64" Name="cell" NumberOfComponents="3" format="binary" RangeMin="0.10871961482881586" RangeMax="1.160792402743735">
+        AQAAAACAAACwEwAAZQIAAA==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
+        <InformationKey name="L2_NORM_RANGE" location="vtkDataArray" length="2">
+          <Value index="0">
+            0.10871961483
+          </Value>
+          <Value index="1">
+            1.1607924027
+          </Value>
+        </InformationKey>
+      </DataArray>
+    </CellData>
+    <Coordinates>
+      <DataArray type="Float64" Name="x" format="binary" RangeMin="0" RangeMax="0.6">
+        AQAAAACAAAAwAAAAJwAAAA==eF5jYICAHXKtrwN37LOH0Ofsua4vLrDlug7l37M3BoPH9gCdQxK6
+      </DataArray>
+      <DataArray type="Float64" Name="y" format="binary" RangeMin="0" RangeMax="1">
+        AQAAAACAAAA4AAAAIgAAAA==eF5jYICAUDA4ag+hr9pDRB9A+U/tV4HBK6j4B3sAk7wQqg==
+      </DataArray>
+      <DataArray type="Float64" Name="z" format="binary" RangeMin="0" RangeMax="0.5">
+        AQAAAACAAABAAAAALAAAAA==eF5jYICASSqeQLTJHkIfsr+9LReITkP5l+zB3NvXoOK37SG6HtgDANusGUo=
+      </DataArray>
+    </Coordinates>
+  </Piece>
+  </RectilinearGrid>
+</VTKFile>

python/tests/test_Geom.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import numpy as np
 
 from damask import Geom
 from damask import Rotation
+from damask import util
 
 
 def geom_equal(a,b):
@@ -85,8 +86,8 @@ class TestGeom:
     def test_mirror(self,default,update,reference_dir,directions,reflect):
         modified = copy.deepcopy(default)
         modified.mirror(directions,reflect)
-        tag = 'directions={}_reflect={}'.format('-'.join(directions),reflect)
-        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,'mirror_{}.geom'.format(tag))
+        tag = f'directions={"-".join(directions)}_reflect={reflect}'
+        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,f'mirror_{tag}.geom')
         if update: modified.to_file(reference)
         assert geom_equal(modified,Geom.from_file(reference))
 
@@ -94,8 +95,8 @@ class TestGeom:
     def test_clean(self,default,update,reference_dir,stencil):
         modified = copy.deepcopy(default)
         modified.clean(stencil)
-        tag = 'stencil={}'.format(stencil)
-        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,'clean_{}.geom'.format(tag))
+        tag = f'stencil={stencil}'
+        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,f'clean_{tag}.geom')
         if update: modified.to_file(reference)
         assert geom_equal(modified,Geom.from_file(reference))
 
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ class TestGeom:
     def test_scale(self,default,update,reference_dir,grid):
         modified = copy.deepcopy(default)
         modified.scale(grid)
-        tag = 'grid={}'.format('-'.join([str(x) for x in grid]))
-        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,'scale_{}.geom'.format(tag))
+        tag = f'grid={util.srepr(grid,"-")}'
+        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,f'scale_{tag}.geom')
         if update: modified.to_file(reference)
         assert geom_equal(modified,Geom.from_file(reference))
 
@@ -150,8 +151,8 @@ class TestGeom:
     def test_rotate(self,default,update,reference_dir,Eulers):
         modified = copy.deepcopy(default)
         modified.rotate(Rotation.from_Eulers(Eulers,degrees=True))
-        tag = 'Eulers={}-{}-{}'.format(*Eulers)
-        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,'rotate_{}.geom'.format(tag))
+        tag = f'Eulers={util.srepr(Eulers,"-")}'
+        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,f'rotate_{tag}.geom')
         if update: modified.to_file(reference)
         assert geom_equal(modified,Geom.from_file(reference))
 

python/tests/test_Lattice.py

@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ class TestSymmetry:
     def test_invalid_argument(self,function):
         s = Symmetry()                                                                              # noqa
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            eval('s.{}(np.ones(4))'.format(function))
+            eval(f's.{function}(np.ones(4))')

python/tests/test_Orientation.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class TestOrientation:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('model',['Bain','KS','GT','GT_prime','NW','Pitsch'])
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('lattice',['fcc','bcc'])
     def test_relationship_reference(self,update,reference_dir,model,lattice):
-        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,'{}_{}.txt'.format(lattice,model))
+        reference = os.path.join(reference_dir,f'{lattice}_{model}.txt')
         ori = Orientation(Rotation(),lattice)
         eu = np.array([o.rotation.as_Eulers(degrees=True) for o in ori.relatedOrientations(model)])
         if update:

python/tests/test_Result.py

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class TestResult:
         default.add_Cauchy('P','F')
         default.add_eigenvalue('sigma',eigenvalue)
         loc = {'sigma' :default.get_dataset_location('sigma'),
-               'lambda':default.get_dataset_location('lambda_{}(sigma)'.format(eigenvalue))}
+               'lambda':default.get_dataset_location(f'lambda_{eigenvalue}(sigma)')}
         in_memory = function(mechanics.eigenvalues(default.read_dataset(loc['sigma'],0)),axis=1,keepdims=True)
         in_file   = default.read_dataset(loc['lambda'],0)
         assert np.allclose(in_memory,in_file)
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class TestResult:
         default.add_Cauchy('P','F')
         default.add_eigenvector('sigma',eigenvalue)
         loc = {'sigma'   :default.get_dataset_location('sigma'),
-               'v(sigma)':default.get_dataset_location('v_{}(sigma)'.format(eigenvalue))}
+               'v(sigma)':default.get_dataset_location(f'v_{eigenvalue}(sigma)')}
         in_memory = mechanics.eigenvectors(default.read_dataset(loc['sigma'],0))[:,idx]
         in_file   = default.read_dataset(loc['v(sigma)'],0)
         assert np.allclose(in_memory,in_file)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class TestResult:
         t = ['V','U'][np.random.randint(0,2)]
         m = np.random.random()*2.0 - 1.0
         default.add_strain_tensor('F',t,m)
-        label = 'epsilon_{}^{}(F)'.format(t,m)
+        label = f'epsilon_{t}^{m}(F)'
         default.add_Mises(label)
         loc = {label      :default.get_dataset_location(label),
                label+'_vM':default.get_dataset_location(label+'_vM')}
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class TestResult:
         t = ['V','U'][np.random.randint(0,2)]
         m = np.random.random()*2.0 - 1.0
         default.add_strain_tensor('F',t,m)
-        label = 'epsilon_{}^{}(F)'.format(t,m)
+        label = f'epsilon_{t}^{m}(F)'
         loc = {'F':   default.get_dataset_location('F'),
                label: default.get_dataset_location(label)}
         in_memory = mechanics.strain_tensor(default.read_dataset(loc['F'],0),t,m)

python/tests/test_Rotation.py

@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ def mul(me, other):
         else:
             raise ValueError('Can only rotate vectors, 2nd order tensors, and 4th order tensors')
     else:
-        raise TypeError('Cannot rotate {}'.format(type(other)))
+        raise TypeError(f'Cannot rotate {type(other)}')
 
 
 class TestRotation:
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ class TestRotation:
     def test_invalid_P(self,fr,to):
         R = Rotation.from_random(np.random.randint(8,32,(3)))                                       # noqa
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            fr(eval('R.{}()'.format(to)),P=-30)
+            fr(eval(f'R.{to}()'),P=-30)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('shape',[None,(3,),(4,2)])
     def test_broadcast(self,shape):

python/tests/test_VTK.py

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-import os
-
 import pytest
 import numpy as np
 
 from damask import VTK
+from damask import grid_filters
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def reference_dir(reference_dir_base):
     """Directory containing reference results."""
-    return os.path.join(reference_dir_base,'Result')
+    return reference_dir_base/'VTK'
 
 class TestVTK:
 
@@ -18,22 +17,22 @@ class TestVTK:
         origin = np.random.random(3)
         v = VTK.from_rectilinearGrid(grid,size,origin)
         string = v.__repr__()
-        v.write(os.path.join(tmp_path,'rectilinearGrid'))
-        vtr = VTK.from_file(os.path.join(tmp_path,'rectilinearGrid.vtr'))
-        with open(os.path.join(tmp_path,'rectilinearGrid.vtk'),'w') as f:
+        v.write(tmp_path/'rectilinearGrid')
+        vtr = VTK.from_file(tmp_path/'rectilinearGrid.vtr')
+        with open(tmp_path/'rectilinearGrid.vtk','w') as f:
             f.write(string)
-        vtk = VTK.from_file(os.path.join(tmp_path,'rectilinearGrid.vtk'),'VTK_rectilinearGrid')
+        vtk = VTK.from_file(tmp_path/'rectilinearGrid.vtk','VTK_rectilinearGrid')
         assert(string == vtr.__repr__() == vtk.__repr__())
 
     def test_polyData(self,tmp_path):
         points = np.random.rand(3,100)
         v = VTK.from_polyData(points)
         string = v.__repr__()
-        v.write(os.path.join(tmp_path,'polyData'))
-        vtp = VTK.from_file(os.path.join(tmp_path,'polyData.vtp'))
-        with open(os.path.join(tmp_path,'polyData.vtk'),'w') as f:
+        v.write(tmp_path/'polyData')
+        vtp = VTK.from_file(tmp_path/'polyData.vtp')
+        with open(tmp_path/'polyData.vtk','w') as f:
             f.write(string)
-        vtk = VTK.from_file(os.path.join(tmp_path,'polyData.vtk'),'polyData')
+        vtk = VTK.from_file(tmp_path/'polyData.vtk','polyData')
         assert(string == vtp.__repr__() == vtk.__repr__())
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('cell_type,n',[
@@ -48,11 +47,11 @@ class TestVTK:
         connectivity = np.random.choice(np.arange(n),n,False).reshape(-1,n)
         v = VTK.from_unstructuredGrid(nodes,connectivity,cell_type)
         string = v.__repr__()
-        v.write(os.path.join(tmp_path,'unstructuredGrid'))
-        vtu = VTK.from_file(os.path.join(tmp_path,'unstructuredGrid.vtu'))
-        with open(os.path.join(tmp_path,'unstructuredGrid.vtk'),'w') as f:
+        v.write(tmp_path/'unstructuredGrid')
+        vtu = VTK.from_file(tmp_path/'unstructuredGrid.vtu')
+        with open(tmp_path/'unstructuredGrid.vtk','w') as f:
             f.write(string)
-        vtk = VTK.from_file(os.path.join(tmp_path,'unstructuredGrid.vtk'),'unstructuredgrid')
+        vtk = VTK.from_file(tmp_path/'unstructuredGrid.vtk','unstructuredgrid')
         assert(string == vtu.__repr__() == vtk.__repr__())
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('name,dataset_type',[('this_file_does_not_exist.vtk',None),
@@ -61,3 +60,29 @@ class TestVTK:
     def test_invalid_dataset_type(self,dataset_type,name):
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             VTK.from_file('this_file_does_not_exist.vtk',dataset_type)
+
+
+    def test_compare_reference_polyData(self,update,reference_dir,tmp_path):
+        points=np.dstack((np.linspace(0.,1.,10),np.linspace(0.,2.,10),np.linspace(-1.,1.,10))).squeeze()
+        polyData = VTK.from_polyData(points)
+        polyData.add(points,'coordinates')
+        if update:
+             polyData.write(reference_dir/'polyData')
+        else:
+             reference = VTK.from_file(reference_dir/'polyData.vtp')
+             assert polyData.__repr__() == reference.__repr__()
+
+    def test_compare_reference_rectilinearGrid(self,update,reference_dir,tmp_path):
+        grid = np.array([5,6,7],int)
+        size = np.array([.6,1.,.5])
+        rectilinearGrid = VTK.from_rectilinearGrid(grid,size)
+        c = grid_filters.cell_coord0(grid,size).reshape(-1,3,order='F')
+        n = grid_filters.node_coord0(grid,size).reshape(-1,3,order='F')
+        rectilinearGrid.add(c,'cell')
+        rectilinearGrid.add(n,'node')
+        if update:
+             rectilinearGrid.write(reference_dir/'rectilinearGrid')
+        else:
+             reference = VTK.from_file(reference_dir/'rectilinearGrid.vtr')
+             assert rectilinearGrid.__repr__() == reference.__repr__()
+

python/tests/test_grid_filters.py

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ class TestGridFilters:
          grid   = np.random.randint(8,32,(3))
          size   = np.random.random(3)
          origin = np.random.random(3)
-         coord0 = eval('grid_filters.{}_coord0(grid,size,origin)'.format(mode))                     # noqa
-         _grid,_size,_origin = eval('grid_filters.{}_coord0_gridSizeOrigin(coord0.reshape(-1,3,order="F"))'.format(mode))
+         coord0 = eval(f'grid_filters.{mode}_coord0(grid,size,origin)')                     # noqa
+         _grid,_size,_origin = eval(f'grid_filters.{mode}_coord0_gridSizeOrigin(coord0.reshape(-1,3,order="F"))')
          assert np.allclose(grid,_grid) and np.allclose(size,_size) and np.allclose(origin,_origin)
 
     def test_displacement_fluct_equivalence(self):
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ class TestGridFilters:
          origin= np.random.random(3)
          size  = np.random.random(3)                                                                # noqa
          grid  = np.random.randint(8,32,(3))
-         shifted   = eval('grid_filters.{}_coord0(grid,size,origin)'.format(mode))
-         unshifted = eval('grid_filters.{}_coord0(grid,size)'.format(mode))
+         shifted   = eval(f'grid_filters.{mode}_coord0(grid,size,origin)')
+         unshifted = eval(f'grid_filters.{mode}_coord0(grid,size)')
          if   mode == 'cell':
             assert  np.allclose(shifted,unshifted+np.broadcast_to(origin,tuple(grid)  +(3,)))
          elif mode == 'node':

python/tests/test_util.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
 from damask import util
 
+
 class TestUtil:
 
     def test_execute_direct(self):
@@ -9,3 +12,22 @@ class TestUtil:
     def test_execute_env(self):
         out,err = util.execute('sh -c "echo $test_for_execute"',env={'test_for_execute':'test'})
         assert out=='test\n' and err==''
+
+    def test_croak(self):
+        util.croak('Burp!')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('input,output',
+                            [
+                            ([2,0],[1,0]),
+                            ([0.5,0.5],[1,1]),
+                            ([1./2.,1./3.],[3,2]),
+                            ([2./3.,1./2.,1./3.],[4,3,2]),
+                            ])
+
+    def test_scale2coprime(self,input,output):
+        assert np.allclose(util.scale_to_coprime(np.array(input)),
+                                                 np.array(output).astype(int))
+
+    def test_lackofprecision(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            util.scale_to_coprime(np.array([1/3333,1,1]))