If more than one grain is simulated per integration point, a homogenization scheme is required to distribute the deformation gradient of the IP to the respective grains. The simplest choice is the \emph{isostrain approach} which simply consists in assuming the IP deformation gradient to be applicable directly to each grain.
\chapter{Application notes for different finite elements systems}
\section{MSC.MARC/Mentat}
In MARC the CPFEM routine is interfaced through the {\ttfamily hypela2} subroutine. The routine {\ttfamily makeMe.py} produces the interface files such as {\ttfamily mpie\_cpfem\_marc2008r1.f90} that will can be called by the different MARC releases.
Model definition for using the subroutine: In MARC, state variable 1 defines the temperature in Kelvin. State variables 2 and 3 define the homogenization and microstructure, respectively.
Analysis options to invoke: Large Strain, Updated Lagrange. For most problems, using a constant dilatation formulation is important for robustness of the simulations.
%The analysis options are most conveniently defined through a procedure file.
\item marcAddUserOutput.py [<No. of UserVars>] \marcinput --- adds UserVariables to the \marcinput file under the "post" section
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Practical hints}
A copy of the subroutine on the home directory on the SAN makes the routine accessible from all workstations under /san/arbitraryfoldername/code/*.f90 .
Under windows it is beneficial to keep an additional local copy of the routine to work with TortoiseSVN, since the change of folder icons seems to not work on the SAN.
\section{Troubleshooting}
\subsection{Inside out element error}
An inside out element error can occur if the number of increment is chosen too small. This was observed for revision 539 using the pheno-powerlaw constitutive formulation on a particle in mesh problem.
\section{Abaqus}
Differences to Marc.
\chapter{Postprocessing of the results}
mentat, py\_post, gri, ParaView, TSL-OIM
\chapter{Worked examples}
Refer to the corresponding publications ...
\appendix\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Appendix}
\cleardoublepage\phantomsection% set the hyperref anchor at the right position
\fancypagestyle{plain}
{% Redefine "plain" style (e.g. for 1st side of chapters)
%\bibliographystyle{authordate3} % EX: DEY, S.R., HAZOTTE, A., & BOUZY, E. 2006. Multiscale gamma variant selection in a quarternary near-gamma Ti-Al alloy. Philosophical Magazine, 86(20), 3089<38>3112.
%
%\bibliographystyle{chicago} % EX: Appel and Christoph (1999) || Appel, F. and U. Christoph (1999). Coherency stresses and interface-related deformation phenomena in two-phase titanium aluminides. Intermetallics 7, 1173<37>1182.
