adding files
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Tanish25
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# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
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||||
HFU = 0xD0
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||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
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||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
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||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
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||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
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||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
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||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
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||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
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||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
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||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
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||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
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||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
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all: $(PRJ).hex
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||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
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||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
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||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
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||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
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||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
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||||
|
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
//ADC
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|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
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#define F_CPU 16000000//16MHz
|
||||
|
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int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
DDRL = 0xff;//port L direction: output //pins- 49:42
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;//port C direction: output //pins- 37:30
|
||||
DDRA = 0x00;//port A direction: input //pins- 22:29
|
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ADCSRA = 0x87;// ADC enabled and prescaler=128
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ADMUX = 0xC0;// input at ADC0// data is right-justified
|
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while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); //to start conversion
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while(ADCSRA && (1<<ADIF)==0);// waiting for conversion to finish
|
||||
PORTL = ADCL;
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||||
PORTC = ADCH;
|
||||
}
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||||
}
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
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@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C947E000C947E000C947E0084
|
||||
:100010000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0068
|
||||
:100020000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0058
|
||||
:100030000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0048
|
||||
:100040000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0038
|
||||
:100050000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0028
|
||||
:100060000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0018
|
||||
:100070000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0008
|
||||
:100080000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00F8
|
||||
:100090000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00E8
|
||||
:1000A0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00D8
|
||||
:1000B0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00C8
|
||||
:1000C0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00B8
|
||||
:1000D0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00A8
|
||||
:1000E0000C947E0011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF46
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF0E9480000C949A000C94000059
|
||||
:100100008FEF80930A0187B911B887E880937A004E
|
||||
:1001100080EC80937C0080917A00806480937A00E8
|
||||
:1001200080917A008091780080930B018091790012
|
||||
:0801300088B9F1CFF894FFCF6C
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
Registers involved:
|
||||
|
||||
GPIO:
|
||||
DDRL: Data Direction Register for Port L= 0xFF for output
|
||||
DDRC: Data Direction Register for Port C= 0xFF for output
|
||||
|
||||
ADC:
|
||||
ADCSRA: ADC Control and Status Register A = 0x87
|
||||
Bit 7= 1= ADC Enabled
|
||||
Bit 6= ADSC: ADC Start Conversion Bit- In Single Conversion mode, write this bit to one to start each conversion.
|
||||
Bit 4= ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag- This bit is set when an ADC conversion completes and the Data Registers are updated
|
||||
Bit [2:0] = 111 = Prescaler-128
|
||||
|
||||
ADMUX: ADC Multiplexer = 0xC0
|
||||
Bit [7:6] = 11 = Vref= 2.56V
|
||||
Bit 5 = 0 = Result(10-bits-wide) is right-justified
|
||||
Bit [4:0] = 00000 = Input at ADC0
|
||||
|
||||
ADCL: ADC Data Register Lower= stores the lower 8 bits of result of conversion
|
||||
ADCH: ADC Data Register Higher= stores the higher 8 bits of result of conversion
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
//ADC
|
||||
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 16000000//16MHz
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
DDRL = 0xff;//port L direction: output //pins- 49:42
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;//port C direction: output //pins- 37:30
|
||||
DDRA = 0x00;//port A direction: input //pins- 22:29
|
||||
ADCSRA = 0x87;// ADC enabled and prescaler=128
|
||||
ADMUX = 0xC0;// input at ADC0// data is right-justified
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); //to start conversion
|
||||
while(ADCSRA && (1<<ADIF)==0);// waiting for conversion to finish
|
||||
PORTL = ADCL;
|
||||
PORTC = ADCH;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C947E000C947E000C947E0084
|
||||
:100010000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0068
|
||||
:100020000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0058
|
||||
:100030000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0048
|
||||
:100040000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0038
|
||||
:100050000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0028
|
||||
:100060000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0018
|
||||
:100070000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0008
|
||||
:100080000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00F8
|
||||
:100090000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00E8
|
||||
:1000A0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00D8
|
||||
:1000B0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00C8
|
||||
:1000C0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00B8
|
||||
:1000D0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00A8
|
||||
:1000E0000C947E0011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF46
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF0E9480000C949A000C94000059
|
||||
:100100008FEF80930A0187B911B887E880937A004E
|
||||
:1001100080EC80937C0080917A00806480937A00E8
|
||||
:1001200080917A008091780080930B018091790012
|
||||
:0801300088B9F1CFF894FFCF6C
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
Registers involved:
|
||||
|
||||
GPIO:
|
||||
DDRL: Data Direction Register for Port L= 0xFF for output
|
||||
DDRC: Data Direction Register for Port C= 0xFF for output
|
||||
|
||||
ADC:
|
||||
ADCSRA: ADC Control and Status Register A = 0x87
|
||||
Bit 7= 1= ADC Enabled
|
||||
Bit 6= ADSC: ADC Start Conversion Bit- In Single Conversion mode, write this bit to one to start each conversion.
|
||||
Bit 4= ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag- This bit is set when an ADC conversion completes and the Data Registers are updated
|
||||
Bit [2:0] = 111 = Prescaler-128
|
||||
|
||||
ADMUX: ADC Multiplexer = 0xC0
|
||||
Bit [7:6] = 11 = Vref= 2.56V
|
||||
Bit 5 = 0 = Result(10-bits-wide) is right-justified
|
||||
Bit [4:0] = 00000 = Input at ADC0
|
||||
|
||||
ADCL: ADC Data Register Lower= stores the lower 8 bits of result of conversion
|
||||
ADCH: ADC Data Register Higher= stores the higher 8 bits of result of conversion
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
|
|||
AVR: Alf and Regards's RISC Processor
|
||||
|
||||
Installing AVR toolchain:
|
||||
|
||||
Basic requirements:
|
||||
|
||||
gcc-avr : a GNU C cross-compiler for specifically for AVR
|
||||
|
||||
avr-libc: it is a package for AVR C library
|
||||
more info: https://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/index.html
|
||||
https://exploreembedded.com/wiki/AVR_C_Library
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
avrdude: it is a utility that transfers codes from the UBUNTU to the microcontroller. AVR downloader uploader: software(utility program) for downloading and uploading on-chip memories of Microchip's AVR microcontrollers
|
||||
|
||||
arduino CLI: Arduino Command LIne Interface- Arduino CLI is a command line tool that contains all you need to easily build applications around the Arduino ecosystem.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Basic installation commands:
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gcc-avr binutils-avr avr-libc
|
||||
sudo apt-get install avrdude
|
||||
sudo apt-get install arduino-cli or snap install arduino-cli
|
||||
|
||||
More info about installation: https://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/install_tools.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Basic processes involved:
|
||||
1)Compilation which creates object files
|
||||
2)Linking the object files to create ELF files(Executable and Linkable Format)
|
||||
3)Object-copy(assembly) to create hex files
|
||||
4)Flashing(dumping) the hex file on the board using avrdude
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
more info: https://www.avrfreaks.net/forum/avr-gcc-compiling-linking-and-assembly --(pic in this website)--
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Instructions to compile the code:
|
||||
Compile and linking Instruction(generating object files and linking them):
|
||||
avr-gcc -Os -mmcu=atmega2560 -c -o <destination_file-blinking_led> <source.c> //avoid using '-c' to avoid improper linking
|
||||
|
||||
Object Copy Instruction:
|
||||
avr-objcopy -O ihex -R .eeprom <destination_file-blinking_led> <file_name.hex>
|
||||
|
||||
Programming(flashing the hex file on board):
|
||||
avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -patmega2560 -cwiring -P /dev/ttyACM0 -b 115200 -D -U flash:w:<file_name.hex>:i
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Execution using make:
|
||||
|
||||
GNU make:
|
||||
The "make" utility automates the mundane aspects of building executable from source code. "make" uses a so-called makefile, which contains rules on how to build the executables. Make is different from a script as a script shows no intelligence. All instructions run blindly, without dpending on the consequences of the previous instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
more info: https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/cpp/gcc_make.html#zz-1.6
|
||||
makefile youtube tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNmACol6lYY7Dzvg7jKgvMdDaDEDFnNqD
|
||||
|
||||
based on the makefile created..
|
||||
//change parameters accordingly in makefile to make sure the correct files get executed
|
||||
Instructions:
|
||||
make all
|
||||
make flash
|
||||
|
||||
Makefile:
|
||||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
main.c file for blinking of led code:
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 16000000//16MHz
|
||||
#define MS_DELAY 1000//1 second=1000 ms
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
//pin 37-port C0
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);//1 second delay
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);//1 second delay
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
|||
//GPIO- Input Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 16000000//16MHz
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
//pin 37-port C0 ; C7- pin 30
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;//port C direction: output
|
||||
DDRA = 0xff;//port A direction: output
|
||||
DDRB = 0x00;//pin 10-13: Port B4 to B7 //direction: input
|
||||
//PINB = 0x00;//clearing PINB register
|
||||
//PORTA = PINB;
|
||||
//while(1);
|
||||
|
||||
//enabling pull-up resistors//use=?//default output when pull-up enabled=high
|
||||
PORTB = 0xff;
|
||||
//PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
//PORTB=0x00;//disabling pull-up resistors?//does it help or not?
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTA = PINB;//PortA= pin 22-29
|
||||
if(PINB==0xFF)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(5);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(5);
|
||||
}//f=100Hz
|
||||
else if(PINB==0x00)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(10);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(10);
|
||||
}//f=50Hz
|
||||
/*else if(PINB==0x10)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(7);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(7);
|
||||
}//f=approx 75Hz
|
||||
else if(PINB==0x20)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(20);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(20);
|
||||
}//f=25Hz
|
||||
*/
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C947E000C947E000C947E0084
|
||||
:100010000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0068
|
||||
:100020000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0058
|
||||
:100030000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0048
|
||||
:100040000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0038
|
||||
:100050000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0028
|
||||
:100060000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0018
|
||||
:100070000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0008
|
||||
:100080000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00F8
|
||||
:100090000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00E8
|
||||
:1000A0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00D8
|
||||
:1000B0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00C8
|
||||
:1000C0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00B8
|
||||
:1000D0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00A8
|
||||
:1000E0000C947E0011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF46
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF0E9480000C94AA000C94000049
|
||||
:100100008FEF87B981B914B885B981E093B192B9FD
|
||||
:1001100093B19F3F69F488B9EFE1FEE43197F1F7BD
|
||||
:1001200000C0000018B8EFE1FEE43197F1F70FC00E
|
||||
:1001300093B19111EBCF88B9EFE3FCE93197F1F777
|
||||
:1001400000C0000018B8EFE3FCE93197F1F700C0F8
|
||||
:080150000000DCCFF894FFCFA2
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
Registers involved:
|
||||
|
||||
GPIO:
|
||||
DDRA: Data Direction Register for Port A= 0xFF for output (Port A- pin 22:29)
|
||||
DDRB: Data Direction Register for Port B= 0x00 for input (Port B- pin 53:50[B0:B3] & pin 10:13[B4:B7] )
|
||||
DDRC: Data Direction Register for Port C= 0xFF for output (Port C- pin 37:30)
|
||||
|
||||
PORTB: Port B Data Register
|
||||
PINB: Port B Input Pins Address
|
||||
|
||||
About pull-up and pull-down resistors:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
|||
//GPIO- Input Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 16000000//16MHz
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
//pin 37-port C0 ; C7- pin 30
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;//port C direction: output
|
||||
DDRA = 0xff;//port A direction: output
|
||||
DDRB = 0x00;//pin 10-13: Port B4 to B7 //direction: input
|
||||
//PINB = 0x00;//clearing PINB register
|
||||
//PORTA = PINB;
|
||||
//while(1);
|
||||
|
||||
//enabling pull-up resistors//use=?//default output when pull-up enabled=high
|
||||
PORTB = 0xff;
|
||||
//PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
//PORTB=0x00;//disabling pull-up resistors?//does it help or not?
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTA = PINB;//PortA= pin 22-29
|
||||
if(PINB==0xFF)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(5);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(5);
|
||||
}//f=100Hz
|
||||
else if(PINB==0x00)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(10);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(10);
|
||||
}//f=50Hz
|
||||
/*else if(PINB==0x10)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(7);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(7);
|
||||
}//f=approx 75Hz
|
||||
else if(PINB==0x20)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(20);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(20);
|
||||
}//f=25Hz
|
||||
*/
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C947E000C947E000C947E0084
|
||||
:100010000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0068
|
||||
:100020000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0058
|
||||
:100030000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0048
|
||||
:100040000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0038
|
||||
:100050000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0028
|
||||
:100060000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0018
|
||||
:100070000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0008
|
||||
:100080000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00F8
|
||||
:100090000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00E8
|
||||
:1000A0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00D8
|
||||
:1000B0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00C8
|
||||
:1000C0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00B8
|
||||
:1000D0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00A8
|
||||
:1000E0000C947E0011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF46
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF0E9480000C94AA000C94000049
|
||||
:100100008FEF87B981B914B885B981E093B192B9FD
|
||||
:1001100093B19F3F69F488B9EFE1FEE43197F1F7BD
|
||||
:1001200000C0000018B8EFE1FEE43197F1F70FC00E
|
||||
:1001300093B19111EBCF88B9EFE3FCE93197F1F777
|
||||
:1001400000C0000018B8EFE3FCE93197F1F700C0F8
|
||||
:080150000000DCCFF894FFCFA2
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
|||
#define F_CPU 16000000
|
||||
#define MS_DELAY 1000
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
volatile int i,j,k;
|
||||
|
||||
int main (void) {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
//DDRB &= 0x7F;
|
||||
//PORTB &= 0x7F;
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
//while(1);
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
//PORTC pins= pins 30-37
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
// PORTC ^= 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < 500; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (k = 0; k < 10; k++);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
//PORTB &= 0x00;
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < 500; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (k = 0; k < 10; k++);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//PORTB &= 0x00;
|
||||
//PORTB |= 0x80;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
//DDRB |= ~_BV(DDB7);
|
||||
|
||||
/* while(1){
|
||||
//PORTB |= 0x20;
|
||||
PORTB |= (0<<PB7) ;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);
|
||||
// PORTB &= ~0x20;
|
||||
PORTB &= ~(0<<PB7) ;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);
|
||||
} */
|
||||
|
||||
/*while(1) {
|
||||
//Set to one the fifth bit of PORTB to one
|
||||
// Set to HIGH the pin 13
|
||||
PORTB |= _BV(PORTB7);
|
||||
|
||||
//Wait 3000 ms
|
||||
_delay_ms(MS_DELAY);
|
||||
|
||||
//Set to zero the fifth bit of PORTB
|
||||
//Set to LOW the pin 13
|
||||
PORTB &= _BV(PORTB7);
|
||||
|
||||
//Wait 3000 ms
|
||||
_delay_ms(MS_DELAY);
|
||||
}*/
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 1000000
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
DDRA = 0x01;
|
||||
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTA = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);
|
||||
PORTA = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C9486000C9486000C9486006C
|
||||
:100010000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860048
|
||||
:100020000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860038
|
||||
:100030000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860028
|
||||
:100040000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860018
|
||||
:100050000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860008
|
||||
:100060000C9486000C9486000C9486000C948600F8
|
||||
:100070000C9486000C9486000C9486000C948600E8
|
||||
:100080000C9486000C9486000C9486000C948600D8
|
||||
:100090000C9486000C9486000C9486000C948600C8
|
||||
:1000A0000C9486000C9486000C9486000C948600B8
|
||||
:1000B0000C9486000C9486000C9486000C948600A8
|
||||
:1000C0000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860098
|
||||
:1000D0000C9486000C9486000C9486000C94860088
|
||||
:1000E0000C94860011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF3E
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF22E0A0E0B2E001C01D92A630FB
|
||||
:10010000B207E1F70E9488000C940A010C940000E9
|
||||
:100110008FEF87B988B918B82FEF28B91092050268
|
||||
:10012000109204028091040290910502843F914054
|
||||
:1001300094F51092010210920002809100029091B9
|
||||
:1001400001020A97F4F410920302109202028091C5
|
||||
:100150000202909103020A9754F480910202909156
|
||||
:10016000030201969093030280930202F0CF8091E4
|
||||
:100170000002909101020196909301028093000287
|
||||
:10018000DCCF8091040290910502019690930502C4
|
||||
:1001900080930402C7CF18B810920502109204028F
|
||||
:1001A0008091040290910502843F91400CF0B5CFFC
|
||||
:1001B00010920102109200028091000290910102BF
|
||||
:1001C0000A97F4F410920302109202028091020244
|
||||
:1001D000909103020A9754F48091020290910302D5
|
||||
:1001E00001969093030280930202F0CF8091000267
|
||||
:1001F0009091010201969093010280930002DCCF5E
|
||||
:1002000080910402909105020196909305028093DB
|
||||
:080210000402C6CFF894FFCFF1
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
|||
F_CPU= 16000000= To set clock frequency as 16MHz
|
||||
MS_DELAY= 1000= To set value 1000 as equivalent to 1 second
|
||||
|
||||
Registers Involved:
|
||||
DDRC: Data Direction Register for Port C= 0xFF for output
|
||||
PORTC: Port C Data Register= Data written here is observed in the corresponding output pins(Port C= pin 37:30)
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = inbuilt_delay
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
|||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 1000000
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
//pin 37-port C0
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(20000);
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(20000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//name of file is toggle_inbuilt and accordingly changes have been made in makefile
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C947E000C947E000C947E0084
|
||||
:100010000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0068
|
||||
:100020000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0058
|
||||
:100030000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0048
|
||||
:100040000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0038
|
||||
:100050000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0028
|
||||
:100060000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0018
|
||||
:100070000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0008
|
||||
:100080000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00F8
|
||||
:100090000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00E8
|
||||
:1000A0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00D8
|
||||
:1000B0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00C8
|
||||
:1000C0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00B8
|
||||
:1000D0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00A8
|
||||
:1000E0000C947E0011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF46
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF0E9480000C9499000C9400005A
|
||||
:100100008FEF87B988B981E088B92FEF38E09DE398
|
||||
:10011000215030409040E1F700C0000018B82FEFA8
|
||||
:1001200038E09DE3215030409040E1F700C00000EE
|
||||
:06013000EBCFF894FFCFB5
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
|||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#define F_CPU 16000000//16MHz
|
||||
#define MS_DELAY 1000//1 second=1000 ms
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
//pin 37-port C0
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0x01;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);//1 second delay
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
_delay_ms(1000);//1 second delay
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//name of file is toggle_inbuilt and accordingly changes have been made in makefile
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
:100000000C9472000C947E000C947E000C947E0084
|
||||
:100010000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0068
|
||||
:100020000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0058
|
||||
:100030000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0048
|
||||
:100040000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0038
|
||||
:100050000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0028
|
||||
:100060000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0018
|
||||
:100070000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E0008
|
||||
:100080000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00F8
|
||||
:100090000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00E8
|
||||
:1000A0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00D8
|
||||
:1000B0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00C8
|
||||
:1000C0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00B8
|
||||
:1000D0000C947E000C947E000C947E000C947E00A8
|
||||
:1000E0000C947E0011241FBECFEFD1E2DEBFCDBF46
|
||||
:1000F00000E00CBF0E9480000C9499000C9400005A
|
||||
:100100008FEF87B988B981E088B92FE734E89EE19D
|
||||
:10011000215030409040E1F700C0000018B82FE7B0
|
||||
:1001200034E89EE1215030409040E1F700C00000EB
|
||||
:06013000EBCFF894FFCFB5
|
||||
:00000001FF
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
F_CPU= 16000000= To set clock frequency as 16MHz
|
||||
MS_DELAY= 1000= To set value 1000 as equivalent to 1 second
|
||||
|
||||
Registers Involved:
|
||||
DDRC: Data Direction Register for Port C= 0xFF for output
|
||||
PORTC: Port C Data Register= Data written here is observed in the corresponding output pins(Port C= pin 37:30)
|
||||
|
||||
in-built function used: _delay_ms()
|
||||
This function takes in "compiler-time" constants as a parameter,which defines the delay in milliseconds
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
# simple AVR Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# written by michael cousins (http://github.com/mcous)
|
||||
# released to the public domain
|
||||
|
||||
# Makefile
|
||||
#
|
||||
# targets:
|
||||
# all: compiles the source code
|
||||
# test: tests the isp connection to the mcu
|
||||
# flash: writes compiled hex file to the mcu's flash memory
|
||||
# fuse: writes the fuse bytes to the MCU
|
||||
# disasm: disassembles the code for debugging
|
||||
# clean: removes all .hex, .elf, and .o files in the source code and library directories
|
||||
|
||||
# parameters (change this stuff accordingly)
|
||||
# project name
|
||||
PRJ = main
|
||||
# avr mcu
|
||||
MCU = atmega2560
|
||||
# mcu clock frequency
|
||||
CLK = 16000000
|
||||
# avr programmer (and port if necessary)
|
||||
# e.g. PRG = usbtiny -or- PRG = arduino -P /dev/tty.usbmodem411
|
||||
PRG = wiring -P /dev/ttyACM0
|
||||
# fuse values for avr: low, high, and extended
|
||||
# these values are from an Arduino Uno (ATMega328P)
|
||||
# see http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/ for other MCUs and options
|
||||
LFU = 0xFF
|
||||
HFU = 0xD0
|
||||
EFU = 0xFD
|
||||
# program source files (not including external libraries)
|
||||
SRC = $(PRJ).c
|
||||
# where to look for external libraries (consisting of .c/.cpp files and .h files)
|
||||
# e.g. EXT = ../../EyeToSee ../../YouSART
|
||||
EXT =
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
# \/ stuff nobody needs to worry about until such time that worrying about it is appropriate \/ #
|
||||
#################################################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# include path
|
||||
INCLUDE := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), -I$(dir))
|
||||
# c flags
|
||||
CFLAGS = -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLK) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(INCLUDE)
|
||||
# any aditional flags for c++
|
||||
CPPFLAGS =
|
||||
|
||||
# executables
|
||||
AVRDUDE = avrdude -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -c $(PRG) -p $(MCU) -b 115200 -D
|
||||
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
|
||||
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
|
||||
SIZE = avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(MCU)
|
||||
CC = avr-gcc
|
||||
|
||||
# generate list of objects
|
||||
CFILES = $(filter %.c, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTC := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))
|
||||
CPPFILES = $(filter %.cpp, $(SRC))
|
||||
EXTCPP := $(foreach dir, $(EXT), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.cpp))
|
||||
OBJ = $(CFILES:.c=.o) $(EXTC:.c=.o) $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) $(EXTCPP:.cpp=.o)
|
||||
|
||||
# user targets
|
||||
# compile all files
|
||||
all: $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
|
||||
# test programmer connectivity
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -v
|
||||
|
||||
# flash program to mcu
|
||||
flash: all
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:$(PRJ).hex:i
|
||||
|
||||
# write fuses to mcu
|
||||
fuse:
|
||||
$(AVRDUDE) -U lfuse:w:$(LFU):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFU):m -U efuse:w:$(EFU):m
|
||||
|
||||
# generate disassembly files for debugging
|
||||
disasm: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
$(OBJDUMP) -d $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
||||
# remove compiled files
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.hex *.elf *.o
|
||||
$(foreach dir, $(EXT), rm -f $(dir)/*.o;)
|
||||
|
||||
# other targets
|
||||
# objects from c files
|
||||
.c.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# objects from c++ files
|
||||
.cpp.o:
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
|
||||
|
||||
# elf file
|
||||
$(PRJ).elf: $(OBJ)
|
||||
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PRJ).elf $(OBJ)
|
||||
|
||||
# hex file
|
||||
$(PRJ).hex: $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
rm -f $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $(PRJ).elf $(PRJ).hex
|
||||
$(SIZE) $(PRJ).elf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
|||
#define F_CPU 16000000
|
||||
#define MS_DELAY 1000
|
||||
#include <avr/io.h>
|
||||
#include <util/delay.h>
|
||||
|
||||
volatile int i,j,k;
|
||||
|
||||
int main (void) {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
//DDRB &= 0x7F;
|
||||
//PORTB &= 0x7F;
|
||||
DDRC = 0xff;
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
//while(1);
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
PORTC = 0x00;
|
||||
//PORTC pins= pins 30-37
|
||||
while(1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PORTC = 0xff;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||